IMPROVEMENT OF WATER QUALITY AND BREEDING OF SIAMESE FIGHTING FISH (BETTA SPLENDENS REGAN) USING INDIAN ALMOND (TERMINALIA CATAPPA) LEAVES
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, Volume 43, Issue 4,
Page 32-39
DOI:
10.56557/upjoz/2022/v43i42929
Abstract
The Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens Regan) is considered as one of the most famous aquarium fishes in the world. Despite the dozens of popular articles and increasing scientific investigations on this exciting species, accounts dealing with reproductive behavior are noticeably lacking in quantitative description and are sometimes contradictory. Thus, this study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of Indian Almond (Terminalia catappa) leaves in the water quality parametersand breeding of B. splendens. A completely randomized design was usedin the study having four treatments with three replications. There were 12 experimental units with these notations in each Treatment: T1 (no leaf), T2 (1 leaf), T3 (2 leaves), and T4 (4 leaves) per aquarium with a dimension of 12 x 12 x 10 inches at 12L water volume and stocked with 24breeders (male & female), respectively. The result showed that the water quality parameters were found within the optimum range in all Treatments. The water pH and dissolved oxygen in T4 obtained the best result compared to other Treatments and had a highly significant difference (P<.001) observed. Furthermore, T4 positively promoted breeders to spawn at a hatching rate (HR) of 0.45%, then T3 with 0.07%. In addition, T3 and T4 obtained 100% survival rate (SR)while T2 and T1 with 83.33% and 66.67% SR. The HR and SR of B. splendens showed no significant differencein all treatments. Moreover, the application of Indian Almond (T. catappa) leaves can improve water quality, encourage breeding, promote spawning, survival, and hatching of Siamese fighting fish.
- Terminalia catappa
- siamese fighting fish
- breeding
- spawning
- hatching
- water quality
How to Cite
References
Alabaster JS, Lloyd R.. Water Quality Criteria for Freshwater Fish. Butterworths, London.
Axelrod, H.R. 1987. Breeding Aquarium Fishes. T.F.H. Publications, U.S.A. 1980;125.
Bhatnagar A, Devi P. Water quality guidelines for the management of pond fishculture. International Journal of Environmental Sciences Volume 3 No.6. Department ofZoology, Kurukshetra University, Kurukshetra, India.. 2013:1981-2009.
Biokani S, Jamili S, Amini S, Sarkhosh J. The Study of Different Foods on Spawning Efficiency of Siamese Fighting Fish (Species: Betta splendens, Family: Belontiidae). 2014;4(2): 33-37.
Boyd CE.. Water quality in ponds for Aquaculture. Birmingham Publishing Co. Birmingham, Albama, USA; 1990.
Chansue N, Assawawongkasem N.. The in vitro antibacterial activity and ornamental fish toxicity of the water extract of Indian almond leaves (Terminalia catappa Linn.). KKU Vet J. 2008;18(1):36-45.
Chansue N, Mataderm T, Suilasuta A.. Preliminary study of Effects of Dried Indian Almond, Terminalia catappa leaf on ultrastuctural morphology of scale in Siamese Fighting Fish (Betta splendens). Proceeding of Thai Herbal: Opportunities and Alternative way for Agriculture-Animal industries. Siam city Hotel. Bangkok, Thailand, January. 2004;15-16:140-144.
Chansue N, Tangtrongpiros J.. Effect of dried Indian almond leaf (Terminalia cattapa) on monogenean parasite of gold fish (Carassius auratus). Proceeding of the 4th Chulalongkorn University Veterinary Annual Conference. 60 Veterinary Anniversary Building, Chulalongkorn University, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangkok, Thailand, February. 2005;15: 55-56.
Chapman FA, Fitz-Coy S, Thunberg JT. United States of America International Trade in Ornamental Fish. Journal of the World Aquaculture Society. 1997; (1):1-10.
Chen PS, Li JH. Chemopreventive effect of punicalagin, a novel tannin component isolated from Terminalia catappa, on H-ras-transformed NIH3T3 cells. Toxicology letters. 2006;163(1):44-53.
Chitmanat C, Tongdonmuan K, Nunsong W. The use of crude extract from traditional medicinal plants to eliminate Tricodina sp. in Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Songklanakarin Journal of Science and Technology. 2005;27(1):359- 364.
Chyau C, Ko CPT, Mau JL.. Antioxidant properties of aqueous extracts from Terminallia catappa leaves. LWT – Food Science and Technology. 2006;39(10):1099-1108.
Durborow RM, Crosby DM, Brunson MW. Ammonia in fish ponds. Southern Regional Aquaculture Center, Publication . 1992;463:1-2.
Effendie MI. Biology of Fisheries. Yayasan Pustaka Nusantara, Yogyakarta. [Indonesian]; 2013.
FAO. FISHSTAT J. Universal software for fishery statistical time series, Food and Agricultural Organization, Fisheries Department, Fisheries Information, Data and Statistics Unit Rome: FAO; 2011.
Hoar WS. General and Comparative Physiology. Prentice-Hall, Englewood Cliffs, NJ; 1975.
Ikhwanuddin M, Moh JHZ, Hidayah M, Noor-Hidayati AB, Aina-Lyana NMA, Nor Juneta AS. Effect of Indian almond, Terminaliacatappa leaves water extract on the survival rate and growth performance of black tiger shrimp, Penaeus monodon post larvae. Aquaculture, Aquarium, Conservation & Legislation International Journal of the Bioflux Society. 2014;7(2).
Lee SW, Farhan R, Wee W, Wan ZM, Ibrahim CO. The effects of tropical almond Terminaliacatappa L., leaf extract on breeding activity of Siamese Gourami, Trichogasterpectoralis. International Journal of Fisheries and Aquatic Studies. 2016; 4(4): 431-433.
Lima AO.. Aqüicultura ornamental: O potencial de mercado para algumas espécies ornamentais: Formas alternativas de diversificação da produção na aqüicultura brasileira. Revista Panorama da Aqüicultura. 2003;13:23-29.
Miksen C, d Media D. Aquariums: How does tannic acid affect aquariums?; 2016. Available: http://pets.thenest.com/tannic-acid-affect-aquariums-12501. html Accessed 02 June 2016.
Monvises A, Nuangsaeng B, Sriwattanarothai N, Panijpan B.. The Siamese fighting fish: Well-known generally but little-known scientifically. Science Asia. 2009;35:8–16.
Nagesh TS, Jayabalan N, Mohan CV, Annappaswamy TS, Anil TM. Survival and histological alterations in juvenile tiger shrimps exposed to saponin. Aquaculture International. 1999;7(3):159-167.
Nugroho RA, Manurung H, Saraswati D, Ladyescha D, Nur FM.. The Effects of Terminalia catappa L. Leaves Extract on the Water Quality Properties, Survival and Blood Profile of Ornamental fish (Betta sp) Cultured. Biosaintifika. 2016;8:241-248.
Oda K, Matsuda H, Murakami T, Katayama S, Ohgitani T, Yoshikawa M. Relationship between adjuvant activity and amphipathic structure of soya saponins. Vaccine. 2003;21(17):21452151.
Pescod MB. Investigation of rational effluent and stream standards for tropical countries. Asian Institute of Technology Bangkok, Thailand; 1973.
Pleeging CCF, Moons C. (). Potential welfare issues of the Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) at the retailer and in the hobbyist aquarium = Mogelijke welzijnsproblemen bij de Siamese kempvis (Betta splendens) in sierviswinkels en bij de hobbyist. Vlaams Diergeneeskundig Tijdschrift. 2017;86(4): 213–223.
Reyes-Busmante H, AA, Ortega-Salas AA. Initial sexual maturity and fecundity of two anabantids under laboratory conditions. North American of Journal Aquaculture. 2002;64:224–227.
Scheurman I. Aquarium Fish Breeding. Educational Series, Inc., England 1989:139.
Srikrishnan R, Hirimuthugoda N, Rajapakshe W. Evaluation of growth performance and breeding habits of fighting fish (Bettasplendens) under 3 diets and shelters. Journal of Survey in Fisheries Sciences. 2017;3(2) 50-65.
Su BK, Chen JC. Effect of saponin immersion on enhancement of the immune response of white shrimp Litopenaeusvannamei and its resistance against Vibrio alginolyticus. Fish & Shellfish Immunology, 2008;24(1): 74-81.
Tanaka T, Nonaka GI, Nishioka I. Tannins and related compounds. XLII. : Isolation and characterization of four new hydrolyzable tannins, terflavins A and B, tergallagin and tercatain from the leaves of Terminaliacatappa L. Chemical & Pharmaceutical Bulletin. 1986;34(3):10391049.
Timmons MB, James ME, Fred WW, Sreven TS, Brian JV. Recirculating Aquaculture Systems. NRAC publication No.01. 2001:2.
Wardoyo STH. Water Quality Management. Higher Education Quality Improvement Project. Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor; 1975.
Yada V, Munin A. Phytochemical Analysis of Some Medicinal Plants. Journal of Physiology, 2011;3(12): 10-14.
Zhao G, Jaiteh AA, Wang W, Stevens Jr SE.. Effects of selected water quality variables on the persistence of tannic acid and related compounds under simulated aquaculture conditions. North American journal of a0.quaculture. 1999;61(4):304-309.
-
Abstract View: 701 times
PDF Download: 1 times
