A Review on Bridging Molecular Biology and Ecological Dynamics through Integrative Approaches in Zoology
Deep Shikha *
Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, India.
Gurrala Saivamsireddy
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kl College of Agriculture, Koneru Lakshmaih Educational Foundation, India.
M. Anbazhagan
Department of Environmental Science, Periyar University, Salem, India.
M. Veeraragavan
Department of Biochemistry, Mother Teresa College of Agriculture, Affiliated to Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore, Illuppur Road, Pudukkottai, Tamil Nadu, 622 102, India.
B. Rama Devi
Department of Agronomy, KL College of Agriculture, KL University, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Kavuri Kalpana
Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, Kl College of Agriculture, Koneru Lakshmaiah Education Foundation, Kl Deemed To Be University, Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Chandan Kumar Panigrahi
Department of Entomology Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan, Deemed to be University, Bhubaneswar, 751003, Odisha, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The integration of molecular biology with ecological dynamics has emerged as a transformative approach in zoology, enhancing our understanding of biodiversity, ecosystem health, and the adaptive responses of species to environmental changes. This review synthesizes key developments and methodological innovations at the intersection of molecular biology and ecological dynamics, highlighting the application of DNA barcoding, environmental DNA (eDNA) analyses, molecular phylogenetics, and advanced computational models in elucidating complex biological interactions and evolutionary patterns. Significant advancements include the use of high-throughput sequencing technologies and CRISPR-Cas systems that have expanded our ability to explore genetic diversity and manipulate genetic material for conservation purposes. The review discusses the predictive capabilities of integrative models that combine genetic with ecological data, offering insights into species resilience and ecosystem stability under varying environmental scenarios. Challenges in data integration, such as issues of scale, complexity, and the necessity for interdisciplinary cooperation, are critically examined. Technical limitations related to data management and ethical considerations in the use of genetic information are also explored. Looking forward, the review identifies emerging technologies and their potential impacts on ecological and conservation biology, emphasizing the need for policies that support sustainable management and conservation strategies. This review underscores the profound impact of integrating molecular biology with ecological dynamics, which not only enhances our scientific understanding but also provides practical frameworks for addressing global environmental challenges.
Keywords: Molecular biology, ecological dynamics, genomics, eDNA, phylogenetics