UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

Reassessing Environmental Impact Assessments in India: Implications for Species Conservation and Biodiversity Governance

2025-06-20T11:55:11+00:00

Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) serves as a foundational instrument in contemporary development planning, offering a structured approach to integrating environmental considerations at the inception of project design and execution. In the Indian context, EIA acts as a preventive and regulatory framework designed to mitigate ecological degradation by systematically assessing the potential environmental consequences of proposed activities on critical components such as air, water, soil, biodiversity, and public health. While EIA has contributed to advancing sustainable development and enhancing environmental accountability, its application in the realm of wildlife conservation—especially concerning birds and other ecologically sensitive species—remains fraught with limitations. A significant proportion of EIAs fail to adequately address the long-term, cumulative, and spatially diffuse impacts on species that navigate both protected and unprotected landscapes. These oversights are aggravated by the limited deployment of scientific tracking tools, insufficient ecological modelling, and a lack of attention to habitat connectivity. Migratory birds and wide-ranging species are particularly vulnerable to such gaps in assessment, often facing habitat fragmentation and ecosystem disruptions. To harmonize developmental objectives with the imperatives of wildlife conservation, it is essential to strengthen the EIA process through the incorporation of advanced ecological methodologies, real-time wildlife tracking, and landscape-level planning. Enhancing stakeholder participation and embedding species-specific conservation strategies within EIA protocols can further ensure that development does not come at the cost of biodiversity loss. Such an integrated and science-informed approach to EIA would support the ethical imperative of safeguarding wildlife, promoting ecological balance, and securing a sustainable future for both human and non-human life. Biodiversity plays a vital role not only in maintaining ecological balance but also in supporting agriculture, livelihoods, and the traditions of indigenous communities. Despite this, increasing human activities such as deforestation, pollution, infrastructure expansion, habitat fragmentation, and climate change are accelerating species extinction at an alarming rate.

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) as an Animal Model for Preclinical Research: A Comprehensive Review

2025-06-24T12:16:40+00:00

Zebrafish (Danio rerio) have emerged as a powerful and versatile platform for preclinical research due to their remarkable genetic similarity to humans, rapid development, and amenability to genetic and pharmacological manipulation. This freshwater vertebrate model offers unique advantages including transparent embryos, high fecundity, and conserved physiological pathways, which facilitate In vivo visualization and high-throughput screening. Zebrafish have been extensively employed in investigating diverse biomedical fields such as developmental biology, toxicology, pharmacology, and disease modeling. Their use in studying cardiotoxicity, lipid metabolism disorders, tumorigenesis, renal pathologies, and muscular dystrophies has provided critical insights into disease mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. Furthermore, zebrafish serve as an effective tool for drug discovery and preclinical evaluation of novel pharmacological agents, enabling rapid assessment of efficacy and safety profiles. The ethical benefits, cost-effectiveness, and experimental versatility of zebrafish underscore their growing importance in translational research. This comprehensive review discusses the multifaceted applications of zebrafish in preclinical studies, highlighting their contribution to advancing precision medicine and accelerating drug development pipelines.

Evaluating the Efficacy of Houttuynia cordata Leaf Meal in Enhancing Growth in Silver Carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) Fingerlings

2025-06-16T09:33:17+00:00

To evaluate the effects of Houttuynia cordata (fish mint) leaf meal on the growth performance of H. molitrix fingerlings, a 45-day feeding trial was carried out. Four experimental diets containing 0%, 3%, 6%, and 9% H. cordata leaf meal were formulated, representing three treatment groups and one control. Each treatment was replicated three times. Growth performance indicators, including net weight gain, percent weight gain, Length gain, specific growth rate (SGR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), were evaluated. Findings revealed that incorporating fish mint leaves in the diet had a posstive impact on growth performance. Silver carp fed with 6 % treatment T3 fish mint leaves exhibited the highest average weight gain (49.2±0.166g), percent weight gain (52.8±1.301g), length gain (17.8±1.154) and specific growth rate (0.86±0.005), with improved feed conversion ratio (3.18±0.024). Interestingly, growth performance declined when fish mint leaves were included at 3% and 9% in the diet, implying that higher concentrations might have adverse effects.These results suggest that 6% inclusion of H. cordata leaf meal can enhance growth performance in silver carp fingerlings.

Assessment of Hematological Parameters in Sangamneri Goats during the Summer and Winter Season

2025-06-17T12:46:37+00:00

The present study aims to evaluate heat stress's effects on haematological parameters in Sangamneri goats. Haematological parameters in domestic animals may be impacted by seasonal and environmental variations. Goats are recognized to be able to adapt to adverse situations. The Sangamneri Goat breed is an Indigenous native breed of the Sangamner region of the Ahmednagar district of Maharashtra, India. The investigation was carried out on six apparently healthy, female (non-pregnant, non-lactating ) adult Sangamneri goats with ages of 1 to 1.5 years and above, having similar body weight and maintained under semi-intensive framing system at Instructional Livestock Farm Complex (ILFC), K.N.P.College of Veterinary Science, Shirwal. Dist. Satara. Blood samples were collected at 0, 15, and 30 days during both the summer and winter seasons. The results revealed a significant increase in total leukocyte count (TLC) and the neutrophil-to-lymphocyte (N:L) ratio, particularly under summer conditions, indicating a stress-related response. Conversely, haemoglobin (Hb), packed cell volume (PCV) and total erythrocyte count (TEC) values were significantly elevated during the winter season. These alterations may be attributed to seasonal adaptive mechanisms, wherein the haematological parameters are modulated in response to environmental stressors. The observed changes suggest that Sangamneri goats exhibit physiological adjustments to cope with thermal variations, likely as part of a broader thermoregulatory and immunological adaptation process.

Influence of Genetic and Non-genetic Factors on Fecal and Haemonchus Egg Counts in Osmanabadi Goats (Capra hircus) in Arid and Semi-arid Regions of Maharashtra

2025-06-17T12:52:41+00:00

Osmanabadi goats (Capra hircus) are reared in arid and semi arid region of India and play a role in economy of rural livelihood. Small ruminant practices in India faces major challenges of parasitic infestation hence, present study was carried out to see the effect of different genetic and non genetic factors on parasitic load of these goats in Udgir tehsil of Latur district of Maharashtra. The variation due to season, age, sex, farm and genotype of TaqI locus of MHC DRB1 gene on Fecal Egg Count (FEC) and Haemonchus Egg Count (HEC) in the flocks was studied. The study comprised of 84 animals and it was seen that the season and genotype were the significant factors affecting FEC and HEC in these flocks reared in organized and non-organized farm. The BB genotype had the lowest FEC suggesting that the BB genotype might be resistant to parasitic load.

Foraging Behaviour of Honey bee (Apis mellifera) in Relation to Weather Parameters under Open Field Condition in Linseed Crop

2025-06-18T09:42:25+00:00

The present study entitled “Foraging Behaviour of Honey bee (Apis mellifera) in Relation to Weather Parameters Under Open Field Condition in Linseed crop” was carried out on Linseed variety “Sharda” at the Entomology research field situated at Heera Puri Research Farm, Institute of Agriculture and Natural Sciences, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya Gorakhpur University Gorakhpur, Uttar Pradesh during the Rabi season 2023- 2024. The linseed variety “Sharda” was sowing in the field using three replications with division 8 treatment including plot size (4m×3m²) by using randomized block design. The observation was started in morning (8000 h.) to evening (1700 h.) for conduct to understand the effect of weather parameters on the foraging intensity, foraging rate and foraging speed of Apis mellifera. The results revealed that the maximum foraging intensity was observed (11.57 bees/m²/minute) in 18^th SW during the period of 1000-1200 hours whereas the minimum foraging intensity was observed (3.83 bees/m²/minute) in 13^th SW during the time interval of 1500-1700 hours. However, the results were observed that the foraging rate has been maximum (10.51flowers/minute) in 16^th SW during the period of 1000-1200 hours, whereas the minimum foraging rate was observed (3.76 flowers/minute) during the period of 1500- 1700 hours in 13^th SW. Furthermore, the maximum foraging speed was observed (6.18 second/flower) in 18^th SW during the period of 8000-1000 hours. Whereas the minimum time spend per flower was observed (1.02 second/flower) in 20^th SW during the period of 1500- 1700 hours. The data revealed that the correlation coefficient of relative abundance, foraging rate and foraging speed of honey bee was positive correlated to the weather parameter (Tmax. & Tmin.) whereas the negative correlated with the relative humidity during (morning and evening) and rainfall.

Assessment of Camel Production and Husbandry Practices in Degahbour District, Jarar Zone, Somali Regional State, Ethiopia

2025-06-18T10:24:13+00:00

The study was conducted in Degahbur district of the Somali Regional State to generate baseline information on camel production and husbandry practices. Data were collected from four purposively selected kebeles based on camel population and production potential. Using semi-structured questionnaires, focus group discussions, and field observations, 200 households (120 pastoral and 80 agropastoral) were interviewed. Results indicated that the majority of respondents were male (85%) and middle-aged (58%), with a high illiteracy rate (73%), significantly higher among pastoralists (p = 0.002). Pastoralists owned larger camel herds (6.12 ± 0.78) compared to agropastoralists (p < 0.001). Men predominantly performed activities such as feeding (80%), herding (90%), milking (95%), and treating camels (95%), while women were primarily responsible for selling camel milk (85%) and barn cleaning (85%). The main purposes of camel keeping were milk production and income generation. Browsing trees and shrubs were the primary feed resource during the dry season (64%), and wells served as the main water source (62%). Major constraints identified were feed shortages (0.240 & 0.260), recurrent drought (0.222 & 0.231), and animal diseases (0.172 & 0.160) for both production systems. Key opportunities included increasing demand for camel products, multipurpose use of camels, their high adaptability, and cultural significance. Camel production remains vital for local livelihoods but faces significant challenges, particularly in feed and water availability, warranting strategic interventions. Strengthening integrated support systems including improved feed and water management, veterinary services, and market access is essential to enhance camel production and pastoral and agropastoral livelihoods in the area.

Assessment of Chicken Production Systems and Egg Quality Traits in and Around Borama District, Somaliland

2025-06-18T10:33:21+00:00

This study evaluated chicken production practices and egg quality traits among households in urban and rural villages of Borama District, Somaliland. A total of 131 respondents (67 urban and 64 rural) participated in the survey. The demographic profile showed a predominance of female respondents (84%) mostly aged between 31 and 40 years (62.6%). Significant differences were found in educational status, with higher illiteracy rates in rural areas (48.4%) compared to urban areas (14.4%) (p=0.000). Family size was significantly larger in rural villages (7.1 ± 0.17) than urban (6.4 ± 0.12) (p=0.002). The main purpose of keeping chickens was for sale (72.5%), followed by home consumption (20.6%). Hatching eggs for replacement was significantly higher in rural areas (75%) than urban (49.3%) (p=0.006). Feeding management showed significant differences between urban and rural settings (p=0.03). Most urban chicken keepers practiced scavenging with supplementation (97%), while a considerable proportion of rural respondents relied on scavenging only (37.5%). The primary feed sources included cereal grains and food leftovers, with cereal grains more common in rural areas (53.1%) than urban (28.4%) (p=0.000). Water was provided to most flocks (91.6%), but watering frequency and sources varied significantly (p=0.000). Urban chickens mostly had access to pipe water (68.7%), whereas rural chickens relied on pond and rainwater. Housing systems differed significantly (p=0.000), with traditional housing predominant in rural areas (92.2%) and more diverse systems including deep litter and backyard housing in urban villages. Newcastle disease was the most prevalent poultry disease (93.1%), and traditional control methods were widely used (38.2%). Predators (45%), flock mortality (20.6%), and diseases (14.5%) were major constraints affecting chicken production. Egg quality assessment revealed a significant difference in albumin height (p=0.04), with urban eggs having higher values. Other traits such as egg weight, yolk height, yolk weight, yolk color, albumin weight, and shell weight did not show significant variation between the two locations. The findings indicate the need to improve feeding practices, disease control, and housing conditions to enhance productivity and egg quality, especially in rural areas.

Butterfly Diversity in Mahadare Conservation Reserve, Satara (MS), Western Ghats: A Synoptic Checklist

2025-06-19T11:08:14+00:00

The Dare Khurd Mahadare Conservation Reserve (MCR) a forest situated near Satara City in the Mahadare village, is a vital part of Northern Western Ghats. The landscape of this reserve comprises grassland, semi-evergreen, and deciduous forest creating an ecotone. The diverse floral composition of the forest provides an ideal habitat for many butterfly species, which led to the documentation of 184 butterfly species in this study area, marking the first comprehensive sampling of the butterfly fauna in the reserve. A checklist has been compiled, following a thorough investigation of butterfly diversity within the reserve and its surrounding areas. The checklist comprises 184 butterfly species, from 112 genera and six families notably, out of the 364-butterfly species documented in the Western Ghats region.

Identification of Honeybee Flora and Evaluation of Beekeeping Production Systems in Somali Region, Ethiopia

2025-06-19T11:14:03+00:00

The study was conducted two potential zones of Somali region to assess and characterize honeybee flora and beekeeping production practices. For this study six districts were selected using purposive sampling methods. A total of 120 beekeepers with equal proportion from the six districts were selected randomly. The study comprises two parts including assessment about bee keeping production practices and field work with honeybee flora identification. The result of the study indicated that 79.2 % of total sampled households were male headed households. The primary reason of beekeeping production in the study areas was income generation and consumption as majority (75%) of the respondents implied. The traditional hives were the most commonly used hives as majority (65%) of the respondents implied and main source of their foundation colonies was by catching the swarms. The overall honey yield was 6.125+0.59 and 11.56±0.43 per hives per harvesting season in traditional and modern hives respectively. The honey harvesting is carried out at nighttime. pest and predators, absconding and scarcity of water were major constrains of beekeeping production in the study areas. The major pest and predators limiting the beekeeping production in the study areas were ants and Honey badgers. A total of 2,366 honeybee forage plants were representing a wide range of genera and families. The most dominant species were Acacia Senegal locally known as “Cadaad” with 490 individuals (20.71%). Among the study sites Salahad and Lagahida districts recorded the highest number of forage plants with 500 & 498 individuals respectively and were categorised as areas of “much more abundance” identified which belong to different genera and families containing fifteen species were identified and recorded. These findings highlight significant spatial variation in honeybee forage resources and indicate that Salahad and Lagahida districts possess the greatest potential for beekeeping development and increased honey production. The study emphasizes the need for improved honey harvesting, processing, and storage practices to improve honey quality of the beekeepers. The studied districts have high production potential for honeybee floras which is suitable beekeeping production therefore further research is required in the areas of participatory research action through community participatory approach and foraging is highly recommended.

Comparative Efficacy of Selected Chemicals and Bio-pesticides against Shoot and Fruit Borer, Leucinodes orbonalis (Guenee) on Brinjal, Solanum melongena (L.)

2025-06-20T12:00:23+00:00

The present study was carried out during the Kharif season of 2024 at the research plot of the Department of Entomology, Central Research Farm (CRF), Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture, Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj. The experiment followed a Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications and included eight treatments aimed at managing the brinjal shoot and fruit borer (Leucinodes orbonalis Guenée). Data were collected on the 3, 7 and 14 days following the application of the treatments. The cumulative mean data revealed that all chemical treatments were significantly more effective than the untreated control in reducing infestation. Among the tested treatments, Chlorantraniliprole recorded the lowest percentage of shoot infestation, followed closely by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG and Spinosad 45% SC. Cypermethrin 25% EC and Beauveria bassiana showed similar levels of efficacy and were statistically at par. Meanwhile, NSKE 5% and Neem oil 2% were the least effective among the treatments but still performed significantly better than the control. In terms of economic analysis, Chlorantraniliprole also provided the highest benefit-cost ratio (B:C Ratio) of 1:8.89, followed by Emamectin benzoate 5% SG (1:7.81) and Spinosad 45% SC (1:7.80). Cypermethrin 25% EC (1:6.49) and Beauveria bassiana (1:5.89) again showed similar performance, while NSKE 5% (1:4.89) and Neem oil 2% (1:4.45) were lower, but still outperformed the control (1:3.86).

Biodiversity of Host Plants for Laccifer lacca in Gondia District, Maharashtra, India

2025-06-20T13:37:35+00:00

Lac is mainly produced in India, Thailand, and Indonesia, parts of China, Vietnam and Cambodia. In India Bihar and Maharashtra are the major Lac producing state. Present study was carried out to enhance the production of Lac and multiplication of insect diversity in ecological system as if due to anthropogenic activity and increase in farm lands continuously forest cover has been detrioted by cutting down major host plants of lac insect too, destruction its habitat. Our study promotes and encourage lac culture to increase entrepreneur ship of among women and farmers community of rural agro depended area of district with conservation and identification of host plants Laccifer lacca.

A Look at the Deadly Shark Attack on an Israeli Diver off the Mediterranean Coast of Hadera, Palestine

2025-06-21T09:57:25+00:00

The Mediterranean Sea is home to a considerable number of shark species, some of which have posed a threat to humans. The hot waters discharged from the Hadera (Orot Rabin) power plant in northwestern Palestine attract schools of two large coastal shark species: Dusky Sharks (Carcharhinus obscurus Lesueur, 1818) and Sandbar Sharks (Carcharhinus plumbeus Nardo, 1827) every year from November to May. On Monday, April 21, 2025, a 45-year-old Israeli diver was fatally attacked by sharks off the Mediterranean coast of Hadera. The present descriptive study aims to shed light on this rare deadly incident. The study relied on collecting the necessary data through monitoring websites, news, and social media platforms. The Mediterranean coast of Hadera is characterized by a fascinating phenomenon that attracts many beachgoers, as they approach the shallow and warm waters dominated by predatory sharks. Several possible reasons for the shark attack on the Israeli diver have been listed, including the diver's attempt to feed the shark dead fish for filming, the smell of bleeding fish the diver may have been carrying on his belt, mistaken identity of the sharks, the shark's ability to detect the diver's subtle electrical impulses, the diver's possible sudden movements, loud noises, and frantic swimming that attracted the sharks, behavioral changes in the sharks due to human harassment, curiosity and confusion of the shark, hunger and starvation the sharks may have been suffering from, etc. The incident received unprecedented media coverage locally, regionally, and internationally, and sparked widespread interaction on social media platforms. Many Arab posts praised the shark for carrying out the attack, amid the fierce, destructive, and bloody war Israel has been waging against the Gazans since October 7, 2023. To prevent this incident from happening again, there is a need to manage the Mediterranean coast of Hadera in a way that is safe for humans and sharks.

Physico-Chemical Water Quality Assessment of Sajwai Pond, Barwani District, Madhya Pradesh, India

2025-06-24T12:23:18+00:00

Water is one of the most vital elements for life on Earth, playing a critical role in maintaining ecological balance, supporting biodiversity, and sustaining human activities. Freshwater ecosystems can be broadly classified into lentic systems, which include still waters such as lakes, ponds, and reservoirs, and lotic systems, represented by flowing waters like rivers and streams. This study investigates the seasonal variations in the water quality of Sajwai Pond, a freshwater body located in Barwani district, Madhya Pradesh, India. By analyzing key parameters such as temperature, pH, turbidity, total dissolved solids (TDS), chloride, total hardness, alkalinity, magnesium, calcium, nitrate, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), and free carbon dioxide across winter, monsoon, and summer seasons, the research offers insights into the pond’s ecological health and usability. The findings reveal significant seasonal trends: increased turbidity and nutrient concentrations during the monsoon due to surface runoff, higher ion concentrations in summer driven by evaporation, and stable conditions during winter. Despite these fluctuations, all parameters remained within acceptable limits for irrigation, domestic use, and the survival of aquatic life. This highlights the resilience and functionality of Sajwai Pond. However, the study emphasizes the importance of proactive measures, such as regular water quality monitoring and conservation initiatives, to manage challenges like nutrient loading and sedimentation. These efforts will help maintain the ecological balance of small but vital freshwater ecosystems like Sajwai Pond.

Chitosan-TPP Nanoparticles: A Potential Biocompatible Growth Promotor Diet in Fish Aquaculture

2025-06-24T12:27:31+00:00

This study reports the successful synthesis and characterization of chitosan-TPP nanoparticles and their evaluation as a dietary supplement for improving the growth performance of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). Chitin was deacetylated to chitosan using HCl and NaOH, achieving a degree of deacetylation (DD) of approximately 85%, confirmed by FTIR analysis through the disappearance of amide I (1655 cm⁻¹) and amide II (1550 cm⁻¹) peaks and the appearance of a broad O–H/NH₂ peak at ~3400 cm⁻¹. XRD analysis revealed reduced crystallinity compared to chitin, indicating the amorphous nature of chitosan, while TGA confirmed its thermal stability with a degradation temperature around 280°C.Chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were synthesized via ionic gelation using tripolyphosphate (TPP) as a cross-linking agent. FTIR spectra showed key peaks at 3199.91 cm⁻¹ (O–H and N–H stretching) and 1150–1000 cm⁻¹ (P–O stretching), confirming successful incorporation of TPP and ionic crosslinking. XRD analysis indicated a combination of crystalline and amorphous regions, with characteristic peaks at 2θ = 14.3°, 20.2°, 29.6°, and 32.0°. SEM analysis revealed nanoparticles with sizes ranging from 100–300 nm, smooth surface morphology, and some aggregation due to high surface energy. The encapsulation efficiency (EE) of the nanoparticles was ~80%, highlighting their suitability for controlled release applications. In a feeding trial, chitosan-TPP nanoparticles were incorporated into a formulated diet to assess their effects on tilapia growth. Weight-Length Ratio (WLR) analysis revealed consistent growth in the nanoparticle-treated group (WLR range: 0.34–1.36) compared to the control (WLR range: 0.44–3.43). The treated group demonstrated significantly higher weight gain (24.17 ± 12.81 g) compared to the control (14.06 ± 6.11 g) and a lower food conversion ratio (FCR: 0.097 vs. 0.161), indicating improved feed utilization efficiency. The survival rate was 100% in both groups, with feed intake values of 2.34 ± 0.19 g (treated) and 2.27 ± 0.20 g (control). These results suggest that chitosan-TPP nanoparticles significantly enhance growth performance and nutrient absorption in tilapia, offering promising applications in functional feeds for aquaculture.

Physical and Chemical Characteristics of Water in Selected Location Kiliyur Lake, Tiruchirappalli, Tamil Nadu, Southern India

2025-06-25T08:08:58+00:00

Lakes play a vital role in the economy of a region of a country and significant for various scholarly, societal, and economic reasons. They act as natural water reservoirs, storing large amounts of water that can be utilized for drinking, industrial processes, and irrigation, and other purposes, including hydropower generation. The quality of lake water is a critical concern for the surrounding environment and the survival of living organisms. The aim of this investigation was to explore the physico-chemical characteristics of Kiliyur Lake water. Physico-chemical parameters or factors are essential for determining water quality and identifying contaminants in specific water sources. Changes in these parameters reveal aspects of continuous change, so we must expect permanent alterations in the physical and chemical features of the lake over both spatially and temporally. As a result, describing the environment can be challenging. In our study, we divided the lake into four sites and observed the annual variations in physico-chemical parameters for the years 2022 and 2023. In the present study to examined the annual variations of physicochemical parameters such as pH, temperature, salinity, dissolved oxygen, ammonia, phosphate, nitrate, nitrite, and chloride levels. The findings from this qualitative study on the physico-chemical parameters will be invaluable for policy makers precautionary measures to protect the wetland.

Probiotic Intervention in Cyprinus carpio Culture: Evaluating Water Quality Dynamics, Fish Health and Sustainable Pond Management

2025-06-25T11:18:24+00:00

Probiotics are beneficial microorganisms that enhance water quality and improve fish health, offering a sustainable alternative to conventional water treatment methods. This study evaluated the impact of probiotic-enhanced Biofloc technology on the water quality and growth performance of Cyprinus carpio fingerlings. Two treatments were compared: T1 (Biofloc without probiotics) and T2 (Biofloc with probiotics) over eight months. Key water quality parameters, including pH, turbidity, dissolved oxygen (DO), carbon dioxide (CO₂) and ammonia, were monitored. T2 consistently demonstrated slightly improved DO levels and reduced ammonia concentrations compared to T1, suggesting better water quality stability. Growth performance parameters revealed enhancement in T2. The final body weight of fingerlings in T2 reached 15.50 ± 1.1 g compared to 8.20 ± 1.0 g in T1. Specific growth rate (SGR) was substantially higher in T2 (3.70 ± 0.22 %) than in T1 (2.10 ± 0.15 %), and the feed conversion ratio (FCR) improved from 1.45 ± 0.10 in T1 to 0.80 ± 0.06 in T2. The survival rate was also better in the T2 (93 ± 0.9 %) compared to the T1 (90 ± 1.2 %). The findings indicate a strong positive correlation between the application of probiotic biofloc and enhanced water quality, as well as superior growth performance in C. carpio culture.