A NOVEL TAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ACEPHALINE GREGARINES (PROTOZOA: APICOMPLEXA: GREGARINOMORPHEA) OF THE GENUS Monocystis STEIN, 1848 FROM EARTHWORMS OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA
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Published
Oct 8, 2021
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128-145
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BIPLAB BHOWMIK
Department of Zoology, Diamond Harbour Women’s University, Diamond Harbour – 743368, West Bengal, India.
BEAUTY KUNDU
Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India.
PROBIR KUMAR BANDYOPADHYAY
Parasitology Laboratory, Department of Zoology, University of Kalyani, Kalyani-741235, West Bengal, India and Our supervisor Prof. Probir Kumar Bandyopadhyay died prior to manuscript submission; we therefore dedicate this paper to him.
Abstract
The present communication is devoted to describe five new species of acephaline gregarines (Apicomplexa: Gregarinomorphea) of the genus Monocystis namely Monocystis elliptoidum sp. nov., Monocystis pontoscolexae sp. nov., Monocystis dolium sp. nov., Monocystis lomentum sp. nov., and Monocystis asmati sp. nov. have been found from the seminal vesicles of earthworms Metaphire posthuma, Pontoscolex corethrurus, Eutyphoeus waltoni, Eutyphoeus orientalis, and Perionyx excavatus respectively. Monocystis elliptoidum sp. nov. is characterized by elliptoid trophozoites, rounded nucleus, orbicular gametocysts and rhomboid oocysts. Monocystis pontoscolexae sp. nov. have elongated, obpyriform-shaped trophozoites, rounded nucleus, fusiform shaped gametocysts and fusiform oocysts. Monocystis dolium sp. nov. is characterized by doliform trophozoites, rounded nucleus, orbicular gametocysts and fusiform oocysts. Monocystis lomentum sp. nov. have lomentiform shaped trophozoites, rounded nucleus and fusiform oocysts. Trophozoites of Monocystis asmati sp. nov. are obpanduriform, nucleus rounded and oocysts fusiform. The relationship of these Monocystis sp. nov. with their closely related species have been presented and their diagnoses were also discussed using morphometrics.
Keywords:
Monocystis elliptoidum, Monocystis pontoscolexae, Monocystis dolium, Monocystis lomentium, Monocystis asmati
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How to Cite
BHOWMIK, B., KUNDU, B., & BANDYOPADHYAY, P. K. (2021). A NOVEL TAXONOMICAL DESCRIPTION OF FIVE NEW SPECIES OF ACEPHALINE GREGARINES (PROTOZOA: APICOMPLEXA: GREGARINOMORPHEA) OF THE GENUS Monocystis STEIN, 1848 FROM EARTHWORMS OF WEST BENGAL, INDIA. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 42(20), 128-145. Retrieved from http://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2514
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Original Research Article
References
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Stein F. Über die natur der gregarinen. Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin. 1848;182-223.
Labbé A. Sporozoa, in tierreich. eine zusammenstellung und kennzeichnung der rezenten tierformen Schulze FE, Bütschli O, Eds. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin. 1899;5:1-180.
Cuènot L. Recherches sur l’evolution et la conjugaison des grègarines. Archiv Biology. 1901;17:581-652.
Drzhevetskiy VF. O resnichyatikh’ gregarinakh’. C.R. St. Petersburg Trav Soc Nat. 1907;38:203-205.
Hesse E. Contribution á l'ètude des monocystidèes des oligochètes. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale. 1909;3:27-301
Boldt M. Zwei neue Gregarinenarten aus octolasium complanatum ant. Dunès. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 1910;36:289-293.
Mulsow K. Über Fortpflanzungserscheinungen bei Monocystis rostrata n. sp. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1911;22:20-55.
Cognetti De Martiis L. Contributo alla conoscenza delle Monocistidee e dei lorofenomeni riproduttivi. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1911;23:205-246.
Pinto CDM. Contribuicao ao estudo des gregarines. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 1918;15:84-108.
Voss H. Monocystis naidis n. sp., eine neue colomgregarine der oligochaeten. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1921;42:176-178.
Ghosh E. Monocystis from the earthworm of Calcutta. Journal Of Royal Microscopic Society. 1923;423.
Berlin H. Üeber drei neue Monocystiden. Archiv Zoologie. 1923;15(8):1-13.
Berlin H. Untersuchngen über Monocystideen in den Vesiculae seminales der schwedischen Oligochaeten. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1924;48:1-124.
Bhatia BL, Chatterjee GB. On some gregarine parasites of Indian earthworms. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1925;52:189-206.
Hahn J. Monocystis mrazeki, une nouvelle grègarine parasites de Rhynchelmis limosella et de Rh. komareki Hrabè. I. Dissèmination. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1928;62:1- 12.
Sciacchitano I. Su alcune Gregarine parassite del Criodrilus lacuum Hoffm. Bollettino di Zoologia Napoli. 1931;2(1):175-195.
Tuzet O, Loubatières R. Notes sur les Monocystidèes. Archives Zoologie Experementale Gènerale. 1946;84:132-149.
Tuzet O, Loubatières R. Phagocytose et presence d’une bouche et d’un rudiment de tube digestif chez quelques Grègarines monocystidèes. Comptes rendus de Academie des Sciences Paris. 1948;226:616-618.
Loubatières R. Contribution á l'ètude des gregarinomorphes Monocystidae parasites des oligochètes du Languedoc -Roussillon. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie Biologie Animale. 1955;17:73-201.
Tuzet O, Zuber-Vogeli M. Grègarines et Ciliès parasites des vèsicules sèminales de Dichogaster inermis Michaelsen Oligochète de Man (A.O.F.). Bulletin de I’Institut fundamental d’Afrique noire. 1955;17:369-376.
Tuzet O, Zuber-Vogeli M. Deuxième contribution á 1'ètude des Monocystidae des Oligochètes africains Millsonia anomala Omodeo (1956) et Dichogaster baeri Sciacchitano (1) Oligochètes de Gagnoa (A.O.F.). Bulletin de I’Institut fundamental d’Afrique noire. 1956;18:410-417.
Meier M. Die Monocystideenfauna der Oligochäten von Erlangen und Umgebung. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1956;101:335-400.
Boisson C. Monocystidae parasites d'oligochètes d'Indochine. Annales des Science Naturelles Zoologie. 1957;19:71-90.
Rees B. Studies on monocystids gregarines. Three Monocystis species including two new specics, M. cambrensis and M. lanceata. Parasitology. 1961;51:523-532.
Bereczky MC. Taxonomische Untersuchungen über die parasitierenden Monocystideen (Protozoa) bei Regen würmern (Lumbricidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest. 1967;7(1):55-69.
Segun AO. Studies on acephaline gregarines in British earthworms, their systematic, occurrence and possible mode of transmission. Ph.D. thesis. University of London; 1968.
Segun AO. Monocystid gregarine parasites of Nigerian earthworms. Journal of Protozoology. 1978;25(2):157-162.
Giere O. Monocystis lumbricilli n. sp. (Gregarinida, Sporozoa) aus Lumbricillus lineatus, Neubeschreibung und Literaturkritik. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1971;113:13-33.
Righi G. Alguns Sporozoa (Gregarinida e Haplosporida) de oligochaeta (Naididae e Enchytracidae) brasileiros. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo). 1974;28(11):185- 195.
Levine ND. Revision and check-list of the species of the aseptate gregarine family Monocystidae. Folia Parasitology. 1977;24:1-24.
Subbarao BVSSR, Kalavati C, Narasimhamurti CC. A new aseptate gregarine, Monocystis pontrodrili sp. n. from the litoral oligocheate annelids Pontrodilus bermudensis Beddard. Acta Protozoology. 1979;18(2):259-264.
Pradhan D, Dasgupta B. New gregarines in earthworms from Senchal and Goomti in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society (New Series). 1982;1(2):4-16.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Roychoudhuri US, Biswas G. Observation on an endoparasite (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from the earthworm of West Bengal, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 2001;21(1):65-67.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Biswas G. Studies on an endoparasite Monocystis nadiensis sp. n. from the earthworm of Nadia, West Bengal, India. Transaction Zoological Society East India. 2002;6(1):12-15.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK. Observation of two new species of monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: apicomplexa: monocystidae) monocystis darjeelingensis sp. n. and monocystis ranaghatensis sp. n. from earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India. Animal Biology. 2005a;55(2):123-132.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Bhowmik B, Mitra AK. Observations on a new species of Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) Monocystis levinei sp. nov. from an Inidan earthworm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) Eutyphoeus incommodus. Zootaxa. 2005b;1016:15-19.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Göçmen B, Bhowmik B, Mitra AK. A new species of Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protista: Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from the Indian earthworm, Amynthas hawayanaus Rosa, 1891 (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Acta Parasitologica Turcica. 2006a;30(2):155-157.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Göçmen B, Mitra AK. Monocystis apporectodae sp. nov. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida), from an Indian earthworm Apporectodea trapezoides Duges. Acta Parasitologica Turcica. 2006b;30(1):51-53.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Göçmen B, Mitra AK. Monocystis metaphirae sp. nov. (Protista: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from the earthworm Metaphire houlleti (Perrier). Acta Parasitologica Turica. 2006c;30(1):54-56.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK, Mallik P. Biology of Monocystis clubae sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from an Indian earthworm Lampito mauritii (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of India. Zootaxa. 2006d;1120:51-55.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Mitra AK. Observations on Monocystis arabindae n. sp. and Nematocystis majumdari n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from Seminal Vesicles of an Earthworm Eutyphoeus incommodus (Beddard) from West Bengal, India. Acta Protozoologica. 2007;46:147-155.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Chakraborty A, Mitra AK, Göçmen B. Monocystis elongatum n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from seminal vesicles of the earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier) (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in West Bengal, India. North-Western Journal of Zoology. 2008;4(1):91-98.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Chakraborty A, Mitra AK. Monocystis septum n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from seminal vesicles of earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in West Bengal, India. Protistology. 2009a;6(1):66-71.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK, Göçmen B. Observation on Monocystis constricta (Protozoa; Apicomplexa; Monocystidae) from an Indian earthworm Eutyphoeus quaripapillatus (Michelsen 1907). Türkiye Parazitolojii Derğisi. 2009b;33(3):254– 258.
Bhowmik B, Mitra AK, Bandyopadhyay PK. Studies on the Biodiversity of Aseptate Gregarines from the Oligochaetes of West Bengal. Proceedings of National Congress Parasitolology. 2011;37-41.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. First record of a gregarine from an earthworm of Bangladesh. 22nd National Congress Parasitology. 2011;287-292.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. A new species of Monocystis Von Stein, 1848 (Apicomplexa: Conoidacida: Eugregarinida) from an earthworm host of Bangladesh. Proceedings of National Conference Challaenges Biodiversity Resource Management. 2013;326-333.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. Monocystis apareshae a new gregarine parasite (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) of the Oligochaete host of Bangladesh. Modern Parasitology. 2014;83-90.
Mallik P, Bandyopadhyay PK. Observation on Monocystis kuidongae sp.nov.(Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from an Indian earthworm Perionyx excavatus perrier (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Journal of Parasitic Disease. 2016;41(2):361-363.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Taxonomical studies of four new aseptate gregarine parasites belonging to the genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an oligochaete host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 2019;119(4):334-347.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Morphotaxonomical description of six new species of acephaline gregarines infecting oligochaete host Journal of Parasitic Disease. 2020;44(4):754-771.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Description of three new species of aseptate gregarine, Monocystis von Stein, 1848 of oligochaetes collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 2020;120(3):211-219.
Clopton RE. Standard nomenclature and metrics of plane shapes for use in gregarine taxonomy. Comparative Parasitology. 2004;71(2):130-140.
Levine ND. The protozoan phylum Apicomplexa, vol I. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida; 1988.
Cavalier-Smith T. Gregarine site- heterogenous 18S rDNA trees, revision of gregarine higher classification, and the evolutionary diversification of Sporozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 2014;50:472-495.
Stein F. Über die natur der gregarinen. Archiv fur Anatomie, Physiologie und wissenschaftliche Medicin. 1848;182-223.
Labbé A. Sporozoa, in tierreich. eine zusammenstellung und kennzeichnung der rezenten tierformen Schulze FE, Bütschli O, Eds. Friedländer & Sohn, Berlin. 1899;5:1-180.
Cuènot L. Recherches sur l’evolution et la conjugaison des grègarines. Archiv Biology. 1901;17:581-652.
Drzhevetskiy VF. O resnichyatikh’ gregarinakh’. C.R. St. Petersburg Trav Soc Nat. 1907;38:203-205.
Hesse E. Contribution á l'ètude des monocystidèes des oligochètes. Archives de zoologie experimentale et generale. 1909;3:27-301
Boldt M. Zwei neue Gregarinenarten aus octolasium complanatum ant. Dunès. Zoologischer Anzeiger. 1910;36:289-293.
Mulsow K. Über Fortpflanzungserscheinungen bei Monocystis rostrata n. sp. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1911;22:20-55.
Cognetti De Martiis L. Contributo alla conoscenza delle Monocistidee e dei lorofenomeni riproduttivi. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1911;23:205-246.
Pinto CDM. Contribuicao ao estudo des gregarines. Mem. Inst. Oswaldo. Cruz. 1918;15:84-108.
Voss H. Monocystis naidis n. sp., eine neue colomgregarine der oligochaeten. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1921;42:176-178.
Ghosh E. Monocystis from the earthworm of Calcutta. Journal Of Royal Microscopic Society. 1923;423.
Berlin H. Üeber drei neue Monocystiden. Archiv Zoologie. 1923;15(8):1-13.
Berlin H. Untersuchngen über Monocystideen in den Vesiculae seminales der schwedischen Oligochaeten. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1924;48:1-124.
Bhatia BL, Chatterjee GB. On some gregarine parasites of Indian earthworms. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1925;52:189-206.
Hahn J. Monocystis mrazeki, une nouvelle grègarine parasites de Rhynchelmis limosella et de Rh. komareki Hrabè. I. Dissèmination. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1928;62:1- 12.
Sciacchitano I. Su alcune Gregarine parassite del Criodrilus lacuum Hoffm. Bollettino di Zoologia Napoli. 1931;2(1):175-195.
Tuzet O, Loubatières R. Notes sur les Monocystidèes. Archives Zoologie Experementale Gènerale. 1946;84:132-149.
Tuzet O, Loubatières R. Phagocytose et presence d’une bouche et d’un rudiment de tube digestif chez quelques Grègarines monocystidèes. Comptes rendus de Academie des Sciences Paris. 1948;226:616-618.
Loubatières R. Contribution á l'ètude des gregarinomorphes Monocystidae parasites des oligochètes du Languedoc -Roussillon. Annales des Sciences Naturelles Zoologie Biologie Animale. 1955;17:73-201.
Tuzet O, Zuber-Vogeli M. Grègarines et Ciliès parasites des vèsicules sèminales de Dichogaster inermis Michaelsen Oligochète de Man (A.O.F.). Bulletin de I’Institut fundamental d’Afrique noire. 1955;17:369-376.
Tuzet O, Zuber-Vogeli M. Deuxième contribution á 1'ètude des Monocystidae des Oligochètes africains Millsonia anomala Omodeo (1956) et Dichogaster baeri Sciacchitano (1) Oligochètes de Gagnoa (A.O.F.). Bulletin de I’Institut fundamental d’Afrique noire. 1956;18:410-417.
Meier M. Die Monocystideenfauna der Oligochäten von Erlangen und Umgebung. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1956;101:335-400.
Boisson C. Monocystidae parasites d'oligochètes d'Indochine. Annales des Science Naturelles Zoologie. 1957;19:71-90.
Rees B. Studies on monocystids gregarines. Three Monocystis species including two new specics, M. cambrensis and M. lanceata. Parasitology. 1961;51:523-532.
Bereczky MC. Taxonomische Untersuchungen über die parasitierenden Monocystideen (Protozoa) bei Regen würmern (Lumbricidae). Opuscula Zoologica Budapest. 1967;7(1):55-69.
Segun AO. Studies on acephaline gregarines in British earthworms, their systematic, occurrence and possible mode of transmission. Ph.D. thesis. University of London; 1968.
Segun AO. Monocystid gregarine parasites of Nigerian earthworms. Journal of Protozoology. 1978;25(2):157-162.
Giere O. Monocystis lumbricilli n. sp. (Gregarinida, Sporozoa) aus Lumbricillus lineatus, Neubeschreibung und Literaturkritik. Archiv fur Protistenkunde. 1971;113:13-33.
Righi G. Alguns Sporozoa (Gregarinida e Haplosporida) de oligochaeta (Naididae e Enchytracidae) brasileiros. Papies Avulsos de Zoologia (Sao Paulo). 1974;28(11):185- 195.
Levine ND. Revision and check-list of the species of the aseptate gregarine family Monocystidae. Folia Parasitology. 1977;24:1-24.
Subbarao BVSSR, Kalavati C, Narasimhamurti CC. A new aseptate gregarine, Monocystis pontrodrili sp. n. from the litoral oligocheate annelids Pontrodilus bermudensis Beddard. Acta Protozoology. 1979;18(2):259-264.
Pradhan D, Dasgupta B. New gregarines in earthworms from Senchal and Goomti in Darjeeling district, West Bengal, India. Journal of Bengal Natural History Society (New Series). 1982;1(2):4-16.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Roychoudhuri US, Biswas G. Observation on an endoparasite (Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from the earthworm of West Bengal, India. Uttar Pradesh Journal of Zoology. 2001;21(1):65-67.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Biswas G. Studies on an endoparasite Monocystis nadiensis sp. n. from the earthworm of Nadia, West Bengal, India. Transaction Zoological Society East India. 2002;6(1):12-15.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK. Observation of two new species of monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: apicomplexa: monocystidae) monocystis darjeelingensis sp. n. and monocystis ranaghatensis sp. n. from earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India. Animal Biology. 2005a;55(2):123-132.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Bhowmik B, Mitra AK. Observations on a new species of Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) Monocystis levinei sp. nov. from an Inidan earthworm (Annelida: Oligochaeta) Eutyphoeus incommodus. Zootaxa. 2005b;1016:15-19.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Göçmen B, Bhowmik B, Mitra AK. A new species of Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protista: Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from the Indian earthworm, Amynthas hawayanaus Rosa, 1891 (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Acta Parasitologica Turcica. 2006a;30(2):155-157.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Göçmen B, Mitra AK. Monocystis apporectodae sp. nov. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida), from an Indian earthworm Apporectodea trapezoides Duges. Acta Parasitologica Turcica. 2006b;30(1):51-53.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Göçmen B, Mitra AK. Monocystis metaphirae sp. nov. (Protista: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from the earthworm Metaphire houlleti (Perrier). Acta Parasitologica Turica. 2006c;30(1):54-56.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK, Mallik P. Biology of Monocystis clubae sp. nov. (Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from an Indian earthworm Lampito mauritii (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of India. Zootaxa. 2006d;1120:51-55.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mallik P, Mitra AK. Observations on Monocystis arabindae n. sp. and Nematocystis majumdari n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from Seminal Vesicles of an Earthworm Eutyphoeus incommodus (Beddard) from West Bengal, India. Acta Protozoologica. 2007;46:147-155.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Chakraborty A, Mitra AK, Göçmen B. Monocystis elongatum n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from seminal vesicles of the earthworm Perionyx excavatus (Perrier) (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in West Bengal, India. North-Western Journal of Zoology. 2008;4(1):91-98.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Chakraborty A, Mitra AK. Monocystis septum n. sp. (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) from seminal vesicles of earthworms (Annelida: Oligochaeta) in West Bengal, India. Protistology. 2009a;6(1):66-71.
Bandyopadhyay PK, Mitra AK, Göçmen B. Observation on Monocystis constricta (Protozoa; Apicomplexa; Monocystidae) from an Indian earthworm Eutyphoeus quaripapillatus (Michelsen 1907). Türkiye Parazitolojii Derğisi. 2009b;33(3):254– 258.
Bhowmik B, Mitra AK, Bandyopadhyay PK. Studies on the Biodiversity of Aseptate Gregarines from the Oligochaetes of West Bengal. Proceedings of National Congress Parasitolology. 2011;37-41.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. First record of a gregarine from an earthworm of Bangladesh. 22nd National Congress Parasitology. 2011;287-292.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. A new species of Monocystis Von Stein, 1848 (Apicomplexa: Conoidacida: Eugregarinida) from an earthworm host of Bangladesh. Proceedings of National Conference Challaenges Biodiversity Resource Management. 2013;326-333.
Sarkar S, Bandyopadhyay PK. Monocystis apareshae a new gregarine parasite (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Monocystidae) of the Oligochaete host of Bangladesh. Modern Parasitology. 2014;83-90.
Mallik P, Bandyopadhyay PK. Observation on Monocystis kuidongae sp.nov.(Apicomplexa: Eugregarinida) from an Indian earthworm Perionyx excavatus perrier (Annelida: Oligochaeta). Journal of Parasitic Disease. 2016;41(2):361-363.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Taxonomical studies of four new aseptate gregarine parasites belonging to the genus Monocystis Stein, 1848 (Protozoa: Apicomplexa: Sporozoa) from an oligochaete host, Eutyphoeus orientalis (Annelida: Oligochaeta) of West Bengal, India. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 2019;119(4):334-347.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Morphotaxonomical description of six new species of acephaline gregarines infecting oligochaete host Journal of Parasitic Disease. 2020;44(4):754-771.
Sarkar S, Kundu B, Bandyopadhyay PK. Description of three new species of aseptate gregarine, Monocystis von Stein, 1848 of oligochaetes collected from Dhaka, Bangladesh. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 2020;120(3):211-219.
Clopton RE. Standard nomenclature and metrics of plane shapes for use in gregarine taxonomy. Comparative Parasitology. 2004;71(2):130-140.
Levine ND. The protozoan phylum Apicomplexa, vol I. CRC Press Inc., Boca Raton, Florida; 1988.
Cavalier-Smith T. Gregarine site- heterogenous 18S rDNA trees, revision of gregarine higher classification, and the evolutionary diversification of Sporozoa. European Journal of Protistology. 2014;50:472-495.