In vitro ANTIMALARIAL ACTIVITY OF Pergularia daemia (L.) AGAINST CHLOROQUINE-SENSITIVE (3D7) AND CHLOROQUINE-RESISTANT (K1) STRAINS OF Plasmodium falciparum

Abstract

Objective: To find out the in vitro antiplasmodial activity of Pergularia daemia leaf extract against Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine sensitive 3D7 strain and Plasmodium falciparum chloroquine resistant K1 strain and cytotoxicity against Vero cell line.

Methods: The P. daemia plant was collected from Kadaparajupalle at Dornala mandal, Prakasam District, Andhra Pradesh, India. Leaf crude extracts prepared in Soxhlet apparatus with hexane, chloroform and methanol solvents. These extracts were tested for in vitro antiplasmodial activity against 3D7 and K1 strains by standard laboratory protocol. In vitro Cytotoxicity of the leaf extract was also tested by following standard laboratory method.

Results: Hexane, chloroform and methanolic extracts of leaf shown good antiplasmodial activity against 3D7 strain i.e., hexane leaf extract shown IC₅₀ of 11.04 µg/ml, chloroform leaf extract of 7.98 µg/ml and methanolic leaf extract of 6.33 µg/ml. Hexane, chloroform and methanolic extracts showed very active antiplasmodial activity against K1 strain with IC₅₀ values of 4.79 µg/ml, 4.01 µg/ml and 2.91 µg/ml respectively. And all the leaf extracts were non-toxic against Vero cell line with CC₅₀ >20 µg/ml.

Conclusion: The methanolic extract of leaf is effective and shown excellent antimalarial activity for the development of new antimalarial drug policies.