A REVIEW OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN VEGETABLE CROP ECOSYSTEMS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY,
Page 84-95
Abstract
In order to explore aphid pests and their naturally occurring bio-control agents (parasitoids and predators), an extensive field survey was conducted in different vegetable ecosystems of the Kashmir Valley during the years from 2014-2019. Moreover, a through literature survey pertaining to aphids, reported from Jammu and Kashmir region, was also done. Accordingly, based on these studies, it was concluded that as many as 18 species of aphids belonging to 12 genera infest as many as 26 species and 30 varieties of vegetable crops in Jammu and Kashmir (J&K). Among these aphids, the most abundant species, which infest many most vegetable plant species, are Aphis craccivora Koch, Aphis fabae solanella Theobald, Aphis gossypii Glover, Brevicoryne brassicae (Linnaeus) and Myzus persicae (Sulzer). It was also concluded that at least 29 species of insect predators and 17 species of parasitoids occur naturally to suppress these aphid species in vegetable ecosystems in J&K. Among these natural enemies, the commonly occurring ones are Adalia tetraspilota (Hope), Coccinella septempunctata L., Cheilomenes sexmaculatus Fabricius, Hippodamia variegata (Goe.), Propylea luteopustulata (Mulsant) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae); Chrysoperla zastrowi Sillemi (Esben-Petersen) (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae); Episyrphus balteatus DeGeer, Melanostoma univitatum (Wiedemann), Sphaerophoria scripta (Linnaeus) (Diptera: Syrhidae); Aphidius matricariae Haliday, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh), Trioxys spp. (Hymenoptera : Braconidae). In sum, through this study, a comprehensive account of aphids and their natural enemies with reference to vegetable crops in J&K region is presented. This work will be useful for the studies concerning the devising of strategies for Integrated Control Program of aphids, especially through utilization of natural bio-control agents.
Keywords:
- Aphidiinae
- aphids
- Coccinellidae
- Jammu & Kashmir
- parasitoids
- predators.
How to Cite
BHAT, D. M., AHANGER, F. A., & SHEIKH, M. A. (2021). A REVIEW OF APHIDS (HOMOPTERA: APHIDIDAE) AND THEIR NATURAL ENEMIES IN VEGETABLE CROP ECOSYSTEMS IN JAMMU AND KASHMIR, INDIA. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 41(24), 84-95. Retrieved from https://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/1855
References
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Dixon AFG. Aphid ecology, 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall, London; 1998.
Blackman RL and Eastop VF. Taxonomic Issues. In: Aphids as Crop Pests. (Eds. H.F. van Emden and R. Harrington), CABI, Cambridge, UK. 2007;1-22.
Remaudiere G, Remaudiere M. Catalogue of World’s Aphididae: Homoptera- Aphidoidea. Inra Edition, Route de France. 1997; 478.
Agarwala BK, Ghosh AK. A checklist of Aphidoidea (Homoptera) of India. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 1984;50:1-171.
Ghosh AK, Ghosh LK. The fauna of India and adjacent countries: Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Zooogical Survey of India, Calcutta. 2006;7(1):244.
Bhagat RC. Aphids (Insecta) of agricultural importance in J&K state, India: a checklist and biodiversity. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 2012; 2(3):116-125.
Ahmad D and Bhat MR. Distribution and host range of some aphidophagous syrphid flies in Kashmir. Geobios New Reports. 1986;5:165-166.
Bhagat RC. On aphid pests and their aphidoid parasitoids of agricultural importance. Indian Agriculturists. 1986;30(3):229-235.
Bhat MA. A report on insect pests associated with Cole crops in Kashmir. Applied Biological Research. 2008;10:66-67.
Bhat DM. Host range and diversity of Coccinellid (Coleoptera) predators of aphid pests in vegetable crop ecosystems of Kashmir, with new host aphid/plant records. Journal of Entomological Research. 2017;41(2):183-186.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC. Host range and diversity of syrphid predators (Insecta: Diptera) of aphids on vegetable crops of Kashmir, with New Host Aphid/ Plant Records. Trends in Bioscinces. 2017;10(6):1446-1448.
Bhat DM, Ahanger FA. A systematic checklist and species richness of insect pests associated with vegetable crops in Jammu & Kashmir State (India). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2018;6(2):328-338.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC, Qureshi AA. A survey of insect pests damaging vegetables crops on Kashmir valley (India), with some new records. Journal of Entomological Reserach. 2011; 35(1):85-91.
Khan AA, Zaki FA, Khan ZH, Mir MA. Biodiversity of predaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Kashmir. Journal of Biological Control. 2009;23:43-47.
Khan AA, Shah MA, Riyaz S. Records of aphid and their natural enemies in agro-ecosystem with special reference to horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2017;5(4): 189-203.
Pandey AK, Namgyal D, Mehdi M, Mir MS, Shiekh BA. A case study: Major insect pests associated with different vegetable crops in cold and region Ladakh, of Jammu and Kashmir. Journal of Entomological Research. 2006;30(2):169-174.
Zaz GM. Incidence and population build-up of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae on cabbage and cauliflower. Applied Biological Research. 2001;3(1 & 2):51-53.
Bali R. Coccinellids (Coleoptera) of Kashmir Valley, distribution and host range. Geobios New Reports. 1987; 6: 187-89.
Bhagat RC, Lone MA. New records and host range of predators of aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) in Kashmir Valley, India. Science and Culture. 1984;50(12):333-372.
Bhagat KC, Masoodi MA. Record of green lacewing fly, Chrysopa arestes Banks (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) as a predator of brinjal aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Homoptera). Indian Journal of Plant Protection. 1986;13(2):132.
Bhagat RC, Matta A. Host range and diversity of aphidophagous insect (predators) of Kashmir Himalaya, with new host aphid/plant records, In: Khan, M. A. (Ed.). Environment Biodiversity and Conservation. A. P.H. Pub. New Delhi. 2002;269-28.
Bhat DM. Studies on insect parasites and predators of some insect pests of vegetable crops of Kashmir Valley. Ph.D thesis, P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K (India); 2008a.
Shah MA, Khan AA. Aphid in agroecosystem and their management. In: Hill Agriculture: Prospects, Constraints and Mitigations, edited by Dr. Shahid Ahamad, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 2013;314-330.
Bhagat RC. New aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiiae) from Kashmir, India. Oriental Insects. 1982a;16:113-117.
Bhagat RC. On two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from Kashmir. Entomon. 1982b;7(3):321-324.
Bhagat RC. Biodiversity of parasite-fauna of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. Paramount Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 2008; 232
Bhagat RC and Ahmad MN. Aphidiid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Aphids (Homoptera) of Jammu-new records, host range and biological notes. Journal of Aphidology. 1991;5:90-96.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC, Qureshi AA. Parasitoid fauna associated with insect pests of vegetable crops of Kashmir Himalaya, India: check list and biodiversity. Munis Entomology and Zoology. 2017;12(1):168-174.
Rao VP, Ramaseshiah G, Sethumadhavan TV and Ramaswamy P. Study of natural enemies of aphids (for the U. S. A.). Report of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 1969; 45-47.
Shujauddin. Three species of Trioys Haliday (Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from India. Indian Journal of Entomology. 1973;35:9-14.
Stary P, Bhagat RC. Records and descriptions of aphid parasitoids from Kashmir, India (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Acta Entmologica Bohemoslov. 1978;75:387-393.
Takada H, Rishi ND. Records of fifteen species of Aphidiiae (Hymenoptera) from Kashmir, India with descriptions of three new species. Kontyu. 1980;48:234-240.
Sæthre MG, Godonou I, Hofsvang T, Tepa-Yotto, GT3, James B. Aphids and their natural enemies in vegetable agro ecosystems in Benin. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 2011;31(1-2):103–117.
DOI: 10.1017/S1742758411000191
Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Aphids on the world’s crops. 2nd Edn. Wiley, Chichester. 2000.
Gordon RD. The Coccinellidae of America North of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1985; 93(1): 1–912.
Ball SG, Stubbs AE, McClean IFG, Morris RKA, Falk SJ and Hawkins RD. British Hoverflies: An illustrated identification guide, 2nd edition, British Entomological and Natural History Society. 2002;469.
Speight MCD. Key for the identification of the genera of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae, Syrph the Net publications, Dublin. 2014; 79: 42.
Shah GM, Jan U, Wachkoo AA. A checklist of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the western Himalaya, India, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 2014; 60(4): 283–305.
Sengupta J, Naskar A, Maity A, Hazra S and Banerjee D. New distributional records and annotated keys of Hover flies Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae from Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Advanced Zoology. 2016;37(1):29-52.
Stary P, Gosh AK. Aphid parasitoids of Indian and adjacent countries (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Technical Monograph, Zoological Survey of India. 1983; 7
Kavallieratos NG, Tomanovic Z, Petrovic A, Jankovic M, Stary P, Yovkova M, and Athanassiou CG. Review and Key for the Identification of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Aphids Infesting Herbaceous and Shrubby Ornamental Plants in Southeastern Europe. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2013; 106(3):294-309.
Bhagat RC. New records and hosts of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Kashmir, India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 1984;81(1):93-98.
Bhagat RC. Additional records of host aphids and aphidoid parasitoids from Kashmir Valley, India. Geobios New Reports. 1986a;4:176- 179.
Dixon AFG. Aphid ecology, 2nd edition. Chapman and Hall, London; 1998.
Blackman RL and Eastop VF. Taxonomic Issues. In: Aphids as Crop Pests. (Eds. H.F. van Emden and R. Harrington), CABI, Cambridge, UK. 2007;1-22.
Remaudiere G, Remaudiere M. Catalogue of World’s Aphididae: Homoptera- Aphidoidea. Inra Edition, Route de France. 1997; 478.
Agarwala BK, Ghosh AK. A checklist of Aphidoidea (Homoptera) of India. Records of Zoological Survey of India. 1984;50:1-171.
Ghosh AK, Ghosh LK. The fauna of India and adjacent countries: Homoptera, Aphidoidea, Zooogical Survey of India, Calcutta. 2006;7(1):244.
Bhagat RC. Aphids (Insecta) of agricultural importance in J&K state, India: a checklist and biodiversity. International Journal of Food, Agriculture and Veterinary Science. 2012; 2(3):116-125.
Ahmad D and Bhat MR. Distribution and host range of some aphidophagous syrphid flies in Kashmir. Geobios New Reports. 1986;5:165-166.
Bhagat RC. On aphid pests and their aphidoid parasitoids of agricultural importance. Indian Agriculturists. 1986;30(3):229-235.
Bhat MA. A report on insect pests associated with Cole crops in Kashmir. Applied Biological Research. 2008;10:66-67.
Bhat DM. Host range and diversity of Coccinellid (Coleoptera) predators of aphid pests in vegetable crop ecosystems of Kashmir, with new host aphid/plant records. Journal of Entomological Research. 2017;41(2):183-186.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC. Host range and diversity of syrphid predators (Insecta: Diptera) of aphids on vegetable crops of Kashmir, with New Host Aphid/ Plant Records. Trends in Bioscinces. 2017;10(6):1446-1448.
Bhat DM, Ahanger FA. A systematic checklist and species richness of insect pests associated with vegetable crops in Jammu & Kashmir State (India). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2018;6(2):328-338.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC, Qureshi AA. A survey of insect pests damaging vegetables crops on Kashmir valley (India), with some new records. Journal of Entomological Reserach. 2011; 35(1):85-91.
Khan AA, Zaki FA, Khan ZH, Mir MA. Biodiversity of predaceous beetles (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) in Kashmir. Journal of Biological Control. 2009;23:43-47.
Khan AA, Shah MA, Riyaz S. Records of aphid and their natural enemies in agro-ecosystem with special reference to horticultural ecosystem of Kashmir. Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies. 2017;5(4): 189-203.
Pandey AK, Namgyal D, Mehdi M, Mir MS, Shiekh BA. A case study: Major insect pests associated with different vegetable crops in cold and region Ladakh, of Jammu and Kashmir. Journal of Entomological Research. 2006;30(2):169-174.
Zaz GM. Incidence and population build-up of cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae on cabbage and cauliflower. Applied Biological Research. 2001;3(1 & 2):51-53.
Bali R. Coccinellids (Coleoptera) of Kashmir Valley, distribution and host range. Geobios New Reports. 1987; 6: 187-89.
Bhagat RC, Lone MA. New records and host range of predators of aphids (Aphididae: Homoptera) in Kashmir Valley, India. Science and Culture. 1984;50(12):333-372.
Bhagat KC, Masoodi MA. Record of green lacewing fly, Chrysopa arestes Banks (Chrysopidae: Neuroptera) as a predator of brinjal aphid, Aphis gossypii Glover (Aphididae: Homoptera). Indian Journal of Plant Protection. 1986;13(2):132.
Bhagat RC, Matta A. Host range and diversity of aphidophagous insect (predators) of Kashmir Himalaya, with new host aphid/plant records, In: Khan, M. A. (Ed.). Environment Biodiversity and Conservation. A. P.H. Pub. New Delhi. 2002;269-28.
Bhat DM. Studies on insect parasites and predators of some insect pests of vegetable crops of Kashmir Valley. Ph.D thesis, P.G. Department of Zoology, University of Kashmir, Srinagar, J&K (India); 2008a.
Shah MA, Khan AA. Aphid in agroecosystem and their management. In: Hill Agriculture: Prospects, Constraints and Mitigations, edited by Dr. Shahid Ahamad, Daya Publishing House, New Delhi. 2013;314-330.
Bhagat RC. New aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiiae) from Kashmir, India. Oriental Insects. 1982a;16:113-117.
Bhagat RC. On two new parasitoids (Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from Kashmir. Entomon. 1982b;7(3):321-324.
Bhagat RC. Biodiversity of parasite-fauna of Jammu, Kashmir and Ladakh. Paramount Publishing Corporation, New Delhi. 2008; 232
Bhagat RC and Ahmad MN. Aphidiid parasitoids (Hymenoptera) of Aphids (Homoptera) of Jammu-new records, host range and biological notes. Journal of Aphidology. 1991;5:90-96.
Bhat DM, Bhagat RC, Qureshi AA. Parasitoid fauna associated with insect pests of vegetable crops of Kashmir Himalaya, India: check list and biodiversity. Munis Entomology and Zoology. 2017;12(1):168-174.
Rao VP, Ramaseshiah G, Sethumadhavan TV and Ramaswamy P. Study of natural enemies of aphids (for the U. S. A.). Report of the Commonwealth Institute of Biological Control. 1969; 45-47.
Shujauddin. Three species of Trioys Haliday (Hymenoptera Aphidiiae) from India. Indian Journal of Entomology. 1973;35:9-14.
Stary P, Bhagat RC. Records and descriptions of aphid parasitoids from Kashmir, India (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Acta Entmologica Bohemoslov. 1978;75:387-393.
Takada H, Rishi ND. Records of fifteen species of Aphidiiae (Hymenoptera) from Kashmir, India with descriptions of three new species. Kontyu. 1980;48:234-240.
Sæthre MG, Godonou I, Hofsvang T, Tepa-Yotto, GT3, James B. Aphids and their natural enemies in vegetable agro ecosystems in Benin. International Journal of Tropical Insect Science. 2011;31(1-2):103–117.
DOI: 10.1017/S1742758411000191
Blackman RL, Eastop VF. Aphids on the world’s crops. 2nd Edn. Wiley, Chichester. 2000.
Gordon RD. The Coccinellidae of America North of Mexico. Journal of the New York Entomological Society. 1985; 93(1): 1–912.
Ball SG, Stubbs AE, McClean IFG, Morris RKA, Falk SJ and Hawkins RD. British Hoverflies: An illustrated identification guide, 2nd edition, British Entomological and Natural History Society. 2002;469.
Speight MCD. Key for the identification of the genera of European Syrphidae (Diptera). Syrph the Net, the database of European Syrphidae, Syrph the Net publications, Dublin. 2014; 79: 42.
Shah GM, Jan U, Wachkoo AA. A checklist of hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) in the western Himalaya, India, Acta Zoologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae. 2014; 60(4): 283–305.
Sengupta J, Naskar A, Maity A, Hazra S and Banerjee D. New distributional records and annotated keys of Hover flies Insecta: Diptera: Syrphidae from Himachal Pradesh, India. Journal of Advanced Zoology. 2016;37(1):29-52.
Stary P, Gosh AK. Aphid parasitoids of Indian and adjacent countries (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Technical Monograph, Zoological Survey of India. 1983; 7
Kavallieratos NG, Tomanovic Z, Petrovic A, Jankovic M, Stary P, Yovkova M, and Athanassiou CG. Review and Key for the Identification of Parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Braconidae: Aphidiinae) of Aphids Infesting Herbaceous and Shrubby Ornamental Plants in Southeastern Europe. Annals of the Entomological Society of America. 2013; 106(3):294-309.
Bhagat RC. New records and hosts of aphid parasitoids (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae) from Kashmir, India. Journal of Bombay Natural History Society. 1984;81(1):93-98.
Bhagat RC. Additional records of host aphids and aphidoid parasitoids from Kashmir Valley, India. Geobios New Reports. 1986a;4:176- 179.
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