CARDIOGENIC PULMONARY EDEMA IN CRITICAL CARE
FAHAD BAHAIDARAH *
Emergancy Medicine and Pre-hospital Medicine, King Abdulaziz Medical City -Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULLAH SAUD ALSHAMMARI
King Salman Specialized Hospital (KSSH), Hail, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULAZIZ AYED ALSHAMMARI
King Salman Specialized Hospital (KSSH), Hail, Saudi Arabia.
OSAMA MOHAMMED JABBARI
Abu Arish general hospital, Jazan, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULELAH DULAYM ALSUHAYMI
Buraydah Central Hospital, Buraydah, Qassim, Saudi Arabia.
FATIMA HUMADAN AL-OJAFI
Nursing Public Health, Saudi Arabia.
RASHED ABDULAZIZ BOSHUSHAH
King Fahad Hospital Al-Hofuf, Saudi Arabia.
MOHAMMED DREES ALHERZ
King Fahad Hospital Hofouf, Alahsaa, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULLAH SAAD ALSHALAWI
Erada Complex and Mental Health, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
OMAR MOHAMMED ALGHAMDI
Dammam Medical Complex, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
AHMED SAAD ALZAHRANI
King Abdulaziz Medical City in Jeddah (NGHA), Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
H. AL ZARA, JAWAD MUBARAK
Safwa General Hospital (SGH), Safwa, Ras Tanura, Saudi Arabia.
Y. BARNAWI, ENAS MOHAMMED
King Abdulaziz Hospital in Makkah, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The pathobiology and classification of pulmonary edoema are more complex than the previous dichotomy of hydrostatic vs. permeability. The mechanisms of alveolar fluid clearance and the factors that influence the clearance rate are being studied thoroughly in order to develop therapeutic strategies. Patients require early oxygenation and ventilation stabilization, preferably with high-flow nasal cannula oxygen or noninvasive ventilation, while the diagnostic cause is quickly sought with echocardiography and other testing. Treatments must begin as soon as possible while evaluation continues and requires multimodal intervention. Diuretics, possibly morphine, and frequently nitrates, are used to treat cardiogenic pulmonary edema. This review summarizes current knowledge of the pathophysiology, causes, and treatment of cardiogenic pulmonary edema.
Keywords: Pulmonary edema, heart, edema, CPE, echocardiography, cardiogenic pulmonary edema