PREVALENCE AND PREDISPOSITION FACTORS THAT CAUSE CYTOMEGALOVIRUS ESOPHAGITIS
MOHAMMED SALAH HUSSAIN *
Department of Gastroenterology and Endoscopy, Dr Samir Abbas Hospital, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Alazhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
BATOOL MESFER M ALQAHTANY
Hurymila General Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
SUKAINAH SALEH ALISMAIL
King Faisal General Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
FATIMAH HUSSAIN ALSHUHAYB
King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
EYAD ABDULATIF ALMOHAISSEN
King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia.
WESAM KAMEL B. ALANAZI
Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.
YASSER MOHAMMED A. ALAMMARI
Ibn Sina National College, Saudi Arabia.
ALI AHMED A. ALMARZOUG
Ibn Sina National College, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULAZIZ MUQBIL FALEH ALSHAMMARI
University of Hail, Saudi Arabia.
GHADAH MOHAMMED ALHARBI
Batterjee Medical College, Saudi Arabia.
A. ALJUHANI FAISAL GHAZI
Ohud Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
ZAINAB MOHAMMED ALFARAJ
King Fahad Hospital of the University, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Background: Cytomegalovirus (CMV)-associated gastrointestinal disorders are typically seen in immune-compromised patients; nevertheless, a few cases have been reported in healthy hosts, despite the fact that the pathogenic mechanisms are yet unknown. Various lesions, including erythematous mucosa, erosions, and ulcers, are brought on by CMV esophagitis, albeit these inflammatory alterations can also be seen in nearby or superficial esophageal malignancies. Cancer patients with late and/or terminal stages of the disease have also been known to develop CMV-associated esophagitis due to immunosuppression brought on by chemotherapy or the physiological demands of the cancer itself.
Objectives: To identify the prevalence of cytomegalovirus esophagitis, describe the evaluation of cytomegalovirus esophagitis and outline the causes of cytomegalovirus esophagitis.
Methods: For article selection, the PubMed database and EBSCO Information Services were used. All relevant articles relevant with our topic and other articles were used in our review. Other articles that were not related to this field were excluded. The data was extracted in a specific format that was reviewed by the group members.
Conclusion: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) esophagitis, which can result from illnesses including human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and treatments like post-organ transplantation, long-term dialysis, and systemic steroid therapy, is mostly brought on by systemic immune deficiency. Primary CMV infection, however, can result in serious organ-specific consequences with high morbidity and fatality rates. In immune-competent people, severe CMV infections can have an impact on practically every system.
Keywords: Cytomegalovirus, immunosuppression, esophageal, immunodeficiency, esophagitis