HASHIMOTO THYROIDITIS IN PAEDIATRIC POPULATION- AN OVERVIEW
AHMED ABDELSAMIE FADL *
Department of Pediatrics, Samir Abbas Hospital, Alazhar University Hospitals, Cairo, Egypt.
BARAAH ATEF MADANI ASHGAN
King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.
MUNAHI LAHIQ ALSUBAIE
Presidency of State Security, Saudi Arabia.
ZAHRA ALI HABIB AL MUAILU
Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University, Dammam, Saudi Arabia.
ABDULAZIZ ABDULRAHMAN A ASIRI
Erq Belhenna Primary Health Care Center, Ahad Rafidah (Asir), Saudi Arabia.
ZAHRA ABDULAZIEM S ALIBRAHIM
King Saud University, Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (graduate), Saudi Arabia.
EMAN ABDULLAH ALGHAMDI
PICU in Prince Sultan Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
ABRAR HASSAN MOHAMMED ALAMRI
Alrayan Medical Colleges, Saudi Arabia.
MARYAM ABDULHADI MIRZA
Alrayan Medical Colleges, Saudi Arabia.
WAJD AHMED ALJOHANI
Ibn Sina National College, Saudi Arabia.
MJD MAZEN A ALANAZI
Tabuk University, Tabuk, Saudi Arabia.
LULUH NASSER ALNAJDI
King Salman Armed Forces Hospital, Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The most frequent cause of goitre and acquired hypothyroidism in children and teenagers is Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT). An imperfection or error in immunoregulation leads to a cascade of events that develops from thyroid lymphocyte infiltration to thyroid follicular cell damage caused by T cells and cytokines and apoptotic cell death. Approximately 70% of illness risk is linked to genetic predisposition, with environmental variables also contributing to disease onset in vulnerable individuals. The main reasons for referral in children and adolescents with HT include goitre, hypothyroid symptoms, and outcomes that occur while treating separate disorders or for high-risk groups. Children and adolescents with HT may not have any symptoms. Thyroid hormone replacement is the preferred medical approach for treating Hashimoto thyroiditis. Levothyroxine sodium, taken orally, is the preferred medication, typically for life. To prevent insufficient absorption, it shouldn't be administered along with calcium or iron supplements, aluminium hydroxide, or proton pump inhibitors.
Keywords: Hashimoto thyroiditis, autoimmune thyroiditis, thyroid disorders in pediatrics, thyroid diseases, goiter