A Review on Antibiotic Resistance in Bacterial Pathogens
Kiran Kumar Mandapati
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
Uma Chinnaiyan
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
Sowndarya Sivaprakasam
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
Sivagurunathan Paramasivam *
Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
Human health has been greatly impacted by the use of antibiotics, which have become essential in modern medicine. The treatment of bacterial infections with antibiotics decreased childhood mortality and raised life expectancy. Global public health is seriously threatened by antibiotic resistance. The multi-drug resistance (MDR) pandemic has spread quickly throughout many nations, with some instances going untreated. This has led to greater mortality rates, longer hospital stays, increased medical expenditures, and more. The primary culprits behind nosocomial infections are thought to be a variety of multidrug-resistant (MDR) such as A. baumannii, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Enterobacteria that produces extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), and carbapenem-resistant CRE. The most prevalent bacterial pathogens have been identified as Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus (VRE), according to recent reports. The primary factors in the development of antibiotic resistance are the subject of this review.
Keywords: Multidrug resistance, antibiotic resistance, nosocomial infection, bacteria, genes