Assessment of Phytochemical Properties of Nigella sativa Seeds Essential Oil and Its Potential Antimicrobial Activity against Staphylococcus aureus in the Context of Safety Profiles and Therapeutic Applications in Neurosurgical Interventions
Noha Elsayed Hassan Farag
Department of Physiology, College of Medicine Taif University, Taif, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Elsamoual Ibrahim Ahmedani *
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Maqbul Muazzam Sheriff
Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Ibn Sina National College for Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abeer Saad Alsubaie
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Zainab Anwar Alkhamis
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Shroq Saleh Almatari
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Lama Abdulrhim Alsobhi
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Amani Khaled Alrefai
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Eman Esamuddin Saeed
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Logen Osman Abdalla
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Bushra Salman Alharbi
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Abdulrahman Adel Abdulrahman Obaid
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Mohamed Alaaeldeen Elbahaie
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Yahya Abdullah Mohammad Alghamdi
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
Omar Abdullhakeem Hassan Hazazi
Department of Medicine, Ibn Sina National College of Medical Studies, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
This comprehensive study explored the phytochemical properties of Nigella sativa L (N. sativa L) seeds essential oil using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis, with a specific focus on its potential compound Thymoquinone (TQ) exhibiting antimicrobial activity against Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) in the context of neurosurgical interventions.The study employs a meticulous methodology, encompassing the preparation of N. sativa essential oil, qualitative phytochemical screening, quantitative GC-MS analysis, and the antimicrobial analysis, employing Disc Diffusion, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC), and Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) evaluations to demonstrate the substantial inhibitory and bactericidal effects against Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus}. comprehensive assessment of antimicrobial activity.The qualitative analysis reveals the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, cardiac glycosides, steroids, saponins, and terpenoids, underscoring the multifaceted pharmacological potential of the essential oil. The quantitative GC-MS analysis provides a detailed breakdown of the chemical composition under different extraction conditions, showcasing the complexity of N. sativa essential oil. The study thoroughly compares the antimicrobial efficacy of N. sativa essential oil with various antibiotics, employing Disc Diffusion, MIC, and MBC analyses. N. sativa demonstrates substantial inhibitory effects, with a 29 mm zone comparable to Gentamycin. The MIC and MBC values align with established antibiotics, indicating similar bacteriostatic and bactericidal properties. Despite slightly lower potency than Vancomycin and Methicillin, N. sativa exhibits considerable antimicrobial effectiveness. This study contributes valuable insights into the phytochemical composition of N. sativa seeds essential oil and its potential as an antimicrobial agent in the context of neurosurgical interventions paves the way for future research.
Keywords: Nigella sativa L, black seed, essential oil, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, staphylococcus aureus, antimicrobial activity, neurosurgical interventions