UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY

In the current communication examined species diversity, habitate ecology defference indices of fish diversity management were studied during the study period (2023-24). Such a diverse collection of fish, representing 33 species from 9 orders and 13 families, has been recorded in the Upper Lake (Bhojtal), Bhopal. The Cypriniformes came out on top with 45% species richness, followed by Siluriformes forming 28%, and then the remaining smaller proportions of orders like Beloniformes, Synbranchiformes, and Perciformes. Seasonal variations in species richness reveal an increase in diversity during winter, which coincides with environmental parameters favorable for aquatic species life. Biodiversity indices, such as the Shannon-Wiener Index (H′) and Simpson's Index (1-D), reveal the maximu values during the winter season (H′ = 3.384; 1-D = 0.9636), Seasonal changes are also reflected in the monsoon and the values are significantly low there (H′ = 3.046; 1-D = 0.945). These are parameters essential to understand temporal variability. Various physicochemical parameters present seasonal variations, air temperature ranged between 20–35°C, water temperature between 18–31°C, pH between 5.7–7.8, total alkalinity between 92 and 145 mg/L, dissolved oxygen between 5.7 and 7.5 mg/L, free CO₂ between 3 and 10 mg/L, and total hardness between 155 and 234 mg/L, these however are majorly shaped up by subtropical climatic conditions as well as runoff characteristics of Central India.