Gill, Liver, Kidney Histopathological Changes in Rohu (Labeo rohita) Fingerlings Reared in Filtered and Wastewater of RO (Reverse Osmosis) System
Lavkush
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Adita Sharma *
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
P. P. Srivastava
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Tanushri Ghorai
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Roshan Kumar Ram
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Shivendra Kumar
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Goodly Samal
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Amit Singh Kshatri
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
Priyanka Verma
College of Fisheries, Dholi, Dr Rajendra Prasad Central Agricultural University, Pusa, Samastipur, Bihar 843105, India.
*Author to whom correspondence should be addressed.
Abstract
The increasing discharge of effluent from Reverse Osmosis (RO) systems raises significant environmental concerns regarding its potential toxicity to aquatic ecosystems and suitability for aquaculture. To address this fundamental problem, the present study was designed to analyse the histopathological effects of RO-filtered water and wastewater from a water purifier on the gills, liver, and kidneys of fish. In this investigation, a total of 240 Rohu (Labeo rohita) fingerlings were reared for 45 days across three water treatments: groundwater (control), RO-filtered water, and RO wastewater. The results revealed that the histological appearance of the primary gill lamellae, secondary gill lamellae, and cartilaginous cells (CC) of the gills in the RO-treated groups differed from the normal appearance observed in the control. Whereas the histopathological structures of the liver (hepatocytes and sinusoids) and kidney (glomerulus structure, density of haematopoietic tissue, and proximal/distal renal tubules) were normal in the control group, fish exposed to RO-filtered water and RO wastewater exhibited tissue damage, including shrunken glomeruli and degeneration of renal tubules. These findings indicate that RO wastewater and RO-filtered water may be less suitable for fish culture than groundwater under the tested conditions.
Keywords: Gill, liver, kidney L. rohita histology, RO filtered water, RO wastewater