ECOTOXIC EFFECTS OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE (TiO2) NANOPARTICLES, UPON Rattus norvegicus
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY,
Page 97-106
Abstract
Use of titanium dioxide, nanoparticles, in everyday products, of our life is quite common. It is used as food additive, in dairy products, tooth paste and also in various commercial products, such as paints, tiles, adhesives etc. For certain period of time its use was thought to be safe, but recent research, suggests that it has multiple deleterious implications upon human health. In this regard, the present study was attempted, to study the ecotoxic effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticles on animal physiology, with reference to liver tissue of Rattus norvegicus (Albino wister rats).Experimental animals, were subjected to three different terms of exposure such as(acute oral toxicity, 96 hrs, short term oral toxicity 28, days and sub chronic oral toxicity, 98 days)to titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO2). LD50, (lethal dose 50) was calculated as according to IARC 2006, and 100 nm sized particles, of TiO2was dissolved in distilled water and was fed as a single oral dose using a canula. As liver is considered as detoxifying organ, its enzymes, like Aspartate aminotransferase, (AST), Alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and bilirubin, are indicative of good liver functionality, they were evaluated in all the three terms of exposure. Results indicate, a significantly higher levels of all vital liver enzymes, suggesting a toxic effect of TiO2 upon liver. This study, clearly illustratesTiO2as a toxicant impacting the wellbeing of liver and therefore its indiscriminate in numerous products of everyday life, may be discouraged, or may be used with caution, if not totally stopped.
Keywords:
- Titanium dioxide (TiO2)
- Rattus norvegicus (Albino wistar rats)
- LD50
- bilirubin
- aspartate aminotransferase (AST)
- alanine aminotransferase (ALT)
- alkaline phosphatase (ALP)
How to Cite
References
Dunford DK, Salinaro A, Car L, Serpone MN, Harikoshi S, Hidaka H. Knowland J. Chemical oxidation and DNA damage catalyzed by inorganic sunscreen ingredients. FEBS Lett. 1997;418:97-90.
Bann R, Straif K, Grosse Y, Secreton B, Ghissassi FF. Cogliano V. Carcinogenecity of carbon black, titanium dioxide and talc J. Lancet. Oncol. T. 2006;295-296.
Wang J, Zhou G, Chen C, Yu H, Wang T, Ma Y, et al. Acute toxicity and bio distribution of different size titanium dioxide particles in mice after oral administration. Toxicol. Lett. 2007; 168:176–185.
Ghoropade VM, Desphade SS, Salunkhe DK. Food colors in food additive toxicology by Joseph, A.M. and Anthony, T.T. New York. Basal. Hong Kong. 1995;4:214.
Leone J. Collaborative study of the quantitative determination of titanium dioxide in cheese. J. Assoc. Offic Anal. Chem. 1973;56:535-558.
JECFA, Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives. Titanium dioxide in combined compendium of Food Additive Specifications. 2006;3. FAO, Rome.
Lorenz K, Maga J. Functional and sensory properties of titanium dioxide as a flour and bread additive. Food. Prod. Devp. 1973;7:93-98.
Alex W, Paul W, Lars F, Kiril H, Nataile VG. Titanium dioxide nanoparticles in food and personal care products. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2012;46 (4):2242–2250.
Behringer MP. Techniques and materials in biology. McGraw Hill Publishers. 1973;120–132.
Dikshith TSS, Chandra SV, Viswanathan PN, Ray PK. Manual of safety evaluation of chemicals. Industrial Toxicology Research Centre (CSIR). Lucknow. India. 1989;1 -5:30–45
King J. Practical clinical enzymology, Princeton M.J. (ed). Van D Nostrand company, London. 1965b;363.
King J. The dehydrogenase of oxido reductase – lactate dehydrogenase. In: King, J.C. (ed.) Practical clinical enzymology, Nostrand Company, London. 1965a;83-93.
Kind, P.R.N and King, E.J. Estimation of plasma phosphatase by determination of hydrolyzed phenol with anti pyrine. J. Clin. Pathol. 1954;7:322–330.
Malloy HT, Evelyn KA. The determination of bilirubin with the photo metric colorimeter. J. Biol. Chem. 1937;119:481–490.
Leland HV. Ultra structural changes in hepatocytes of juvenile rainbow trout and mature brown trout exposed to copper and zinc. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 1983;2:353-368.
Sharma N. Biological finds In: Text book of Biochemistry and Human Biology Ed. G. P. Talwar, Prentice-Hall of India Pvt. Ltd. New Delhi. 1980;974-994.
Mohammadi FF. and Fazilati, M. The histological and biochemical effects of titanium dioxide nanoparticle (TiO2) on the liver in Wistar rats. Int. Res. J. Biol. Sci. 2014;3(6):1–5.
Xu J, Shi H, Ruth M, Yu H, Lazar L. Acute toxicity and intravenously administered titanium dioxide nanoparticles in mice. PLOS-ONE. 2013;8(8):1–5.
Silva VS, Duarte AI, Rego AC, Oliveira CR, Goncalves PP. Effect of chronic exposure to aluminium on isoform expression and activity of rat (Na+/K+) ATPase. Toxicol. Sci. 2005;88:485–494.
Teitz NW. In: Fundamentals of clinical chemistry. 4 th Ed. Philadelphia, PA. W.B. Saunders Company; 1996
Alarifi S, Daoud A, Al – Doaiss AA, Ali AB, Ahmed M, Al – Khedhairy AM. Histologic and apoptic changes induced by titanium dioxide nanoparticles in the liver of rats. Intl. J. Nanomedicine. 2013;8:3937–3934.
Chougule P, Patil B, Kanase A. Lead nitrate induced un ailled expression of liver and kidney functions in male albino rats. J. Environ. Biol. 2005;26(2):421-424.
Hultcrantz R, Glaumann H, Lindberg G. Liver investigation in 149 asymptomatic patients with moderately elevated activities of serum aminotransferases. Scand. J. Gastroenterol. 1986;21:109-113.
Maha MM, El-Sayeed WA, El-Nakib AN. Nano textile treatment to produce self-cleaning fabric and its biological impact. 7 th International Conference, Al Azhar University (ISCAL, 2010). Environment Development and Nanotechnology. 2010;22–24. Cairo, Egypt.
-
Abstract View: 266 times
PDF Download: 18 times