IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR: AN OVERVIEW
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY,
Page 117-132
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities in the recent years have caused much damage to the environment. This is probably being reflected in the climate change that the world is witnessing currently. Published reports reveal rise in mean annual temperatures and alterations in precipitation patterns across the globe. The climate change has direct effects on the agricultural sector, of which the livestock sector is a sub-set. The livestock sector supports the economy of developing and underdeveloped countries besides being one of the major source of protein nutrition across the world. However, it is sensitive to climate change and has restricted abilities to cope up with the stress generated from such variations. Alterations in climatic factors have direct effects on livestock health that affect their productivity and reproductive efficiency. This can lead to decreased production of milk, meat, eggs, wool, etc. causing the livestock sector to incur financial losses. Erratic patterns of rainfall and drought may affect the growth of feed crops and water supply for the livestock sector. Insufficient nutrition and drinking water can further weaken them making them vulnerable to diseases. The condition is further aggravated because of the behaviour of parasites, pathogens and vectors in response to climate change. Warmer climates have been found to be associated with their augmented proliferation, virulence and transmission because of direct modifications of their life cycles and breeding patterns. The negative effects on animal health, either directly or due to diseased conditions, increase their mortality rate. Literature highlights a dearth of research in this field despite its importance. Understanding these implications through proper monitoring can help to develop sustainable livestock management programmes in the near future with reduced financial losses.
Keywords:
- Climate change
- Global warming
- Sustainable livestock management
- Heat stress
- Livestock diseases
- Livestock pathogens and parasites
How to Cite
BISWAL, D. (2021). IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON THE LIVESTOCK SECTOR: AN OVERVIEW. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 42(22), 117-132. Retrieved from https://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2573
References
Veysset P, Lherm M, Bébin D, Roulenc M. Mixed crop–livestock farming systems: A sustainable way to produce beef? Commercial farms results, questions and perspectives. Animal. 2014;8(8):1218-1228. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1017/S1751731114000378.
Rosegrant MW, Fernandez M, Sinha A. Looking into the future for agriculture and AKST. In: McIntyre BD, Herren HR, Wakhungu J, Watson RT (Eds.), International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD). Agriculture at a crossroads, Island Press, Washington, DC. 2009;307–376.
Mohammadabadi MR, Nikbakhti M, Mirzaee HR, Shandi A, Saghi DA, Romanov MN, Moiseyeva IG. Genetic variability in three native Iranian chicken populations of the Khorasan province based on microsatellite markers. Russian journal of genetics. 2010a;46(4):505-509.
Ebrahimi Hoseinzadeh Z, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh A, Khezri A, Najmi Noori A. Association of PIT1 gene with milk fat percentage in Holstein cattle. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (IJAS). 2015;5(3):575-582.
Mohammadabadi MR, Torabi A, Tahmourespoor M, Baghizadeh A, Esmailizadeh A, Mohammadi A. Analysis of bovine growth hormone gene polymorphism of local and Holstein cattle breeds in Kerman province of Iran using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2010b;9(41):6848-6852.
Koopaei HK, Abadi MRM, Mahyari SA, Tarang AR, Potki P, Esmailizadeh A. Effect of DGAT1 variants on milk composition traits in Iranian Holstein cattle population. Animal Science Papers & Reports. 2012;30(3):231-240.
Hurst P, Termine P, Karl M. Agricultural workers and their contribution to sustainable agriculture and rural development. FAO, Rome; 2005. Available at:ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/af164e/af164e00.pdf.
Wright IA, Tarawali S, Blümmel M, Gerard B, Teufel N, Herrero M. Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2012;92(5):1010–1015. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4556.
Mohammadi A, Nassiry MR, Mosafer J, Mohammadabadi MR. Distribution of BoLA-DRB3 allelic frequencies and identification of a new allele in the Iranian cattle breed Sistani (Bos indicus). Russian Journal of Genetics. 2009;45(2):198-202.
Zamani P, Akhondi M, Mohammadabadi MR, Saki AA, Ershadi A, Banabazi MH, Abdolmohammadi AR. Genetic variation of Mehraban sheep using two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(10):1812-1817.
Gooki FG, Mohammadabadi M, Fozi MA, Soflaei M. Association of Biometric Traits with Growth Hormone Gene Diversity in Raini Cashmere Goats. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST). 2019;16(7):499-508.
Nassiry MR, Shahroodi FE, Mosafer J, Mohammadi A, Manshad E, Ghazanfari S, Mohammad Abadi MR, Sulimova GE. Analysis and frequency of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA-DRB3) alleles in Iranian Holstein cattle. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2005;41(6):664-668.
Gholamhoseini Gooki F, Mohammadabadi MR, Asadi Fozi M. Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its effect on production and reproduction traits in goat. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 2018;8(4):653-659.
Shamsalddini S, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh AK. Polymorphism of the prolactin gene and its effect on fiber traits in goat. Russia Journal of Genetics. 2016;52:405-408.
Vajed Ebrahimi MT, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh AK. Using microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in 14 sheep types in Iran. Archives Animal Breeding. 2017;60:183-189.
United Nations Climate Action. Retrieved on 27.10.2021. Available:https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change.
IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 2013;1535.
Anwar A, Younis M, Ullah I. Impact of urbanization and economic growth on CO2 emission: A case of far East Asian Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17:2531. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072531.
Arshad Z, Robaina M, Shahbaz M, Veloso AB. The effects of deforestation and urbanization on sustainable growth in Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27:10065–10086. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07507-7
Shaharoona B, Al-Ismaily S, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Harrasi N, Al-Kindi R, Al-Sulaimi A, Al-Busaidi H, Al-Abri M. The role of urbanization in soil and groundwater contamination by heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria: A case study from Oman. Heliyon. 2019;5(5):e01771. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01771.
Mao D, Wang Z, Wu J, Wu B, Zeng Y, Song K, Yi K, Luo L. China's wetlands loss to urban expansion. Land Degradation and Development. 2018;29: 2644–2657. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2939.
Li J, Deng J, Gu Q, Wang K, Ye F, Xu Z, Jin S. The Accelerated Urbanization Process: A Threat to Soil Resources in Eastern China. Sustainability. 2015;7:7137-7155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067137.
Chapman SC, Chakraborty S, Dreccer MF, Howden SM. Plant adaptation to climate change: opportunities and priorities in breeding. Crop and Pasture Science. 2012;63:251–268.
Henry B, Charmley E, Eckard R, Gaughan JB, Hegarty R. Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia. Crop and Pasture Science. 2012;63(3):191–202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1071/CP11169.
Barrett JE, Virginia RA, Wall DH, Parsons AN, Powers LE, Burkins MB. Variation in biogeochemistry and soil biodiversity across spatial scales in a Polar Desert Ecosystem. Ecology. 2004;85:3105–3118. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0213.
Barbehenn RV, Chen Z, Karowe DN, Spickard A. C3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2. Global Change Biology. 2004;10:1565–1575. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x
Lacetera N. Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare. Animal Frontiers. 2019; 9(1):26-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfy030.
Sirohi S, Michaelowa A. Sufferer and cause: Indian livestock and climate change. Climatic Change. 2007;85:285–298.
Wand SJ, Midgley GF, Jones MH, Curtis PS. Responses of wild C4 and C3 grass (Poaceae) species to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: a meta-analytic test of current theories and perceptions. Global Change Biology. 1999;5:141–723. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00265.x.
Thornton PK, Boone RB, Ramirez-Villegas J. Climate change impacts on livestock. CGIAR Resrach program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Working Paper No. 120; 2015.
Hatfield JL, Prueger JH. Agroecology: implications for plant response to climate change. In: Yadav, S.S., Redden, R.J., Hatfield, J.L., Lotze-Campen, H., Hall, A.E. (Eds.), Crop Adaptation to Climate Change. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK. 2011;27–43.
Thornton PK, Van de Steeg J, Notenbaert A, Herrrero M. The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems. 2009;101:113–127.
IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. In: Pachauri, R.K., Reisinger, A. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 104; 2007.
Polley HW, Briske DD, Morgan JA, Wolter K, Bailey DW, Brown JR. Climate change and North American rangelands: trends, projections, and implications. Rangeland ecology & management. 2013;66(5):493–511. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00068.1.
Thornton PK, Herrero M, Freeman A, Mwai O, Rege E, Jones P, McDermott J. Vulnerability, climate change and livestock: Research opportunities and challenges for poverty alleviation. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya; 2008.
Rojas-Downing MM, Nejadhashemi AP, Harrigan T, Woznicki SA. Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate Risk Management. 2017;16:145–163. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001.
Escarcha JF, Lassa JA, Zander KK. Livestock under climate change: A systematic review of impacts and adaptation. Climate. 2018; 6:54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6030054.
Baruch Z, Mérida T. Effects of drought and flooding on root anatomy in four tropical forage grasses. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 1995;156:514–521.
Sun F, Pan K, Tariq A, Zhang L, Sun X, Li Z, Wang S, Xiong Q, Song D, Olatunji OA. The response of the soil microbial food web to extreme rainfall under different plant systems. Scientific Reports. 2016;6:37662. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37662.
Franco A, Gherardi LA, de Tomasel CM, Andriuzzi WS, Ankrom KE, Shaw EA, Bach EM, Sala OE, Wall DH. Drought suppresses soil predators and promotes root herbivores in mesic, but not in xeric grasslands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019;116(26):12883–12888. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900572116.
Skendžić S, Zovko M, Živković IP, Lešić V, Lemić D. The impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests. Insects. 2021;12:440. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050440.
Nardone A, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, Ranieri MS, Bernabucci U. Effects of climate change on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science. 2010;130:57–69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.011.
Houérou HNL. Climate change, drought and desertification. Journal of Arid Environments. 1996;34(2):133-185. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0099.
Karl TR, Melillo JM, Peterson TC. Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. U.S. Global Change Research Programme. Cambridge University Press. 2009.
Ali MZ, Carlile G, Giasuddin M. Impact of global climate change on livestock health: Bangladesh perspective. Open Veterinary Journal. 2020;10(2):178–188. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i2.7.
Sutherst RW, Yonow T, Chakraborty S, O’Donnell C, White N. A generic approach to defining impacts of climate change on pests, weeds and diseases in Australia. In: Bouma WJ, Pearman GI, Manning MR (Eds). Greenhouse: coping with climate change. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp 281–307; 1996.
Ralph W. A simple model predicts an insect’s distribution. Rural Research. 1987;136:14–16.
Kimaro EG, Chibinga OC. Potential impact of climate change on livestock production andhealth in East Africa: A review. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2013;25(7):1-11. Available:www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/7/kima25116.htm.
Sutherst RW. The potential advance of pest in natural ecosystems under climate change: implications for planning and management. In: Pernetta J, Leemans C, Elder D, Humphrey S (Eds.) Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and species: terrestrial ecosystems. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, pp 83–98; 1995.
Ramarao D. Seasonal indices and meteorological correlates in the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 1988;58(4):432–434.
Kumar S, Prasad KD, Deb AR. Seasonal prevalence of different ectoparasites infecting cattle and buffaloes. BAU J Res. 2004;16(1):159–163.
Basu AK, Bandhyopadhyay PK. The effect of season on the incidence of ticks. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 2004;52(1):39–42.
Baylis M, Risley C. Infectious Diseases, Climate Change Effects on. Infectious Diseases: Selected Entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. 2012;117–146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5719-0_6.
Kim MK, Pyo KH, Hwang YS, Park KH, Hwang IG, Chai JY, Shin EH. Effect of temperature on embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs in an environmental chamber. The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2012;50:239.
Fox NJ, Marion G, Davidson RS, White PC, Hutchings MR. Climate-driven tipping points could lead to sudden, high-intensity parasite outbreaks. Royal Society Open Science. 2015;2:140296.
Fox NJ, Marion G, Davidson RS, White PC, Hutchings MR. Livestock helminths in a changing climate: approaches and restrictions to meaningful predictions. Animals. 2012;2:93–107.
Coppock RW, Christian RG, Jacobsen BJ. Aflatoxins. In R.C. Gupta (Ed.) Veterinary toxicology, 3rd ed. Chapter 69—basic and clinical principles. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, pp: 983–994;2018.
Nwangburuka CC, Denton L, Chioma GO, Oyekale KO, Tayo GO, Ajayi B, Olarinmoye AO, Ezekiel C, Taiwo EA, Babalola OO. Effect of levels of equisetin and fumonisinmycotoxins on blood parameters of broiler chicks. Mycopath. 2019;15:55–59.
Bernabucci U, Colavecchia L, Danieli PP, Basiricò L, Lacetera N, Nardone A, Ronchi B. Aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 affect the oxidative status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicology in Vitro. 2011;25:684–691. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.009.
Biswal D. Impact of climate change on parasitic diseases: Do we need to bother? In: Bose M, Bandyopadyay SA, Poddar S (Eds.), Contemporary Health Issues and Environmental Impact. Malaysia: Lincoln University College; pp. 32-40; 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31674/books.2018.chiei.ch05.
Gagnon AS, Smoyer-Tomic KE, Bush ABG. The El Nino Southern Oscillation and malaria epidemics in South America. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2002;46:81-89.
Anyamba A, Linthicum KJ, Mahoney R, Tucker CJ, Kelley PW. Mapping potential risk of Rift Valley fever outbreaks in African savannas using vegetation index time series data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 2002;68:137-145.
Wittmann EJ, Mellor PS, Baylis M. Using climate data to map the potential distribution of Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Europe. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 2001;20(3):731–740. DOI:https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.20.3.1306.
De A, Das TK, Chand K, Debnath BC, Dey S, Hemadri D, Barman NN, Chaudhary JK, Muthuchelvan D, Saxena A, Tewari N. Seroprevalence of bluetongue and presence of viral antigen and type-specific neutralizing antibodies in goats in Tripura, a state at Indo-Bangladesh border of Northeastern India. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2019;51:261–265.
Caminade C, McIntyre KM, Jones AE. Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2019;137:119–129.
Wittmann EJ, Baylis M. Climate change: effects on Culicoides-transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. The Veterinary Journal. 2000;160(2):107-117. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.2000.0470.
Lines J. The effects of climatic and land-use changes on insect vectors of human disease. In: Harrington R, Stork NE. (Eds.) Insects in a Changing Environment. Academic Press: London, pp- 157-175;1995.
Randolph SE. Dynamics of tick-borne disease systems: minor role of recent climate change. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 2008; 27(2):367–381.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Farm structures in tropical climates: Animal environmental requirements; 1986. Available:http://www.fao.org/docrep/s1250e/s1250e10.htm.
Hahn GL. Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads. Journal of Animal Science. 1999;77(2):10–20.
Mader TL, Davis MS. Effect of management strategies on reducing heat stress of feedlot cattle: feed and water intake. Journal of animal science. 2004;82(10):3077–3087. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82103077x.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Body condition score, metabolic status and milk production of early lactating dairy cows exposed to warm environment. Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale (Italia). 1996;90(1):43–55.
Basiricò L, Bernabucci U, Morera P, Lacetera N, Nardone A. Gene expression and protein secretion of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) in transition dairy cows under hot or thermoneutral environments. Proc. XVIII Congr. Naz. Ass. Sci. Prod. Anim. 2009;8:592–594.
Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J, Imtiwati, Kumar R. Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Veterinary world. 2016;9(3):260–268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Physiological and productive consequences of heat stress: The case of dairy ruminants. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interaction between Climate and Animal Production: EAAP Technical Serie. 2003;7:45–60.
Shearer JK. Foot health from a veterinarian’s perspective. Proc. Feed Nutr. Manag. Cow Coll. Virg. Tech. 1999;33–43.
Cook NB, Nordlund KV. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. The Veterinary Journal. 2009;179:360–369. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.016.
King JM, Parsons DJ, Turnpenny JR, Nyangaga J, Bakari P, Wathes CM. Modelling energy metabolism of Friesians in Kenya smallholdings shows how heat stress and energy deficit constrain milk yield and cow replacement rate. Animal Science. 2006;82:705–716. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC200689.
Kunavongkrita A, Suriyasomboonb A, Lundeheimc N, Learda TW, Einarsson S. Management and sperm production of boars under differing environmental conditions. Theriogenology. 2005;63:657–667.
Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Fertility in South Australian commercial Merino flocks: relationships between reproductive traits and environmental cues. Theriogenology. 2005;63(9): 2416-2433. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.052.
van Wettere WHEJ, Kind KL, Gatford KL, Swinbourne AM, Leu ST, Hayman PT, Kelly JM, Weaver AC, Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep. Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2021;15;12(1):26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00537-z.
Ozawa M, Tabayashi D, Latief TA, Shimizu T, Oshima I, Kanai Y. Alterations in follicular dynamics and steroidogenic abilities induced by heat stress during follicular recruitment in goats. Reproduction. 2005;129:621-630. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00456.
Hansen PJ. Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 2009;364(1534):3341–3350. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0131.
Sejian V, Silpa MV, Nair MRR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Bhatta R. Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals. 2021;11:1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021.
Wolfenson D, Roth Z, Meidan R. Impaired reproduction in heat-stressed cattle: basic and applied aspects. Animal Reproduction Science. 2000;60-61:535–547. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00102-0.
Stewart BM, Block J, Morelli P, Navarette AE, Amstalden M, Bonilla L, Hansen PJ, Bilby TR. Efficacy of embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows during summer using fresh or vitrified embryos produced in vitro with sex-sorted semen. Journal of Dairy Science. 2011;94(7):3437–3445. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4008
de Vrijer B, Davidsen ML, Wilkening RB, Anthony RV, Regnault TR. Altered placental and fetal expression of IGFs and IGF-binding proteins associated with intrauterine growth restriction in fetal sheep during early and mid-pregnancy. Pediatric research. 2006;60(5):507-512. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000242364.78002.71.
Elnagar SA, Scheideler SE, Beck MM. Reproductive hormones, hepatic deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive cells in hypothalamus in the heat stress-induced or chemically induced hypothyroid laying hen. Poultry science. 2010;89:2001– 2009.
Lara LJ, Rostagno MH. Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production. Animals (Basel). 2013;3(2):356-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3020356.
Arman C, Quintana Casares PI, Sanchez-Partida LG, Setchell BP. Ram sperm motility after intermittent scrotal insulation evaluated by manual and computer-assisted methods. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2006;8:411-418. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00145.x.
Kastelic JP, Wilde RE, Rizzoto G, Thundathil JC. Hyperthermia and not hypoxia may reduce sperm motility and morphology following testicular hyperthermia. Veterinární Medicína. 2017;62:437-442. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-VETMED.
Auvigne V, Leneveu P, Jehannin C, Peltoniemi O, Sallé E. Seasonal infertility in sows: a five year field study to analyze the relative roles of heat stress and photoperiod. Theriogenology. 2010;74:60–66.
Star L, Decuypere E, Parmentier HK, Kemp B. Effect of single or combined climatic and hygienic stress in four layer lines: 2. Endocrine and oxidative stress responses. Poultry Science. 2008;87:1031–1038.
Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Sakai M, As LR, Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2010;89:1905–1914.
Nardone A, Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B. Composition of colostrum from dairy heifers exposed to high air temperatures during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Journal of dairy science. 1997;80(5):838–844. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76005-3.
Regnier JA, Kelley KW. Heat- and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1981;42(2):294–299.
Lecchi C, Rota N, Vitali A, Ceciliani F, Lacetera N. In vitro assessment of the effects of temperature on phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in bovine polymorphonuclear cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 2016;182:89–94. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.007.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Scalia D, Ronchi B, Kuzminsky G, Nardone A. Lymphocyte functions in dairy cows in hot environment. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2005;50:105–110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-005-0273-3.
Indu S, Pareek A. A Review: Growth and physiological adaptability of sheep to heat stress under semi–arid environment. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology. 2015;2(9):3188-3198. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v2i9.09.
Bagath M, Sejian V. Heat stress and Immune Function in Livestock. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science. 2018;2(4):395-398.
Hirakawa R, Nurjanah S, Furukawa K, Murai A, Kikusato M, Nochi T, Toyomizu M. Heat stress causes immune abnormalities via massive damage to effect proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00046.
Felver-Gant JN, Mack LA, Dennis RL, Eicher SD, Cheng HW. Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poultry Science. 2012;91:1542–1551.
Bartlett JR, Smith MO. Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science. 2003;82:1580–1588.
Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Rashamol VP, Pragna P, Lees AM, Sejian V. The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review. Research in veterinary science. 2019;126:94–102. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011.
Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Zhang Q. The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poultry Science. 2012;91:575–582.
Howden SM, Crimp SJ, Stokes CJ. Climate change and Australian livestock systems: impacts, research and policy issues. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2008;48:780–788.
Purusothaman MR, Thiruvenkadan AK, Karunanithi K. Seasonal variation in body weight and mortality rate in Mecheri adult sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2008;20(9):150. Available:http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/9/thir20150.htm.
Vitali A, Felici A, Esposito S, Bernabucci U, Bertocchi L, Maresca C, Nardone A, Lacetera N. The impact of heat waves on dairy cow mortality. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015;98:4572–4579. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9331.
Hahn GL, Mader TL. Heat waves in relation to thermoregulation, feeding behavior, and mortality of feedlot cattle. In: Proceedings 5th International Livestock Environment Symposium, Minneapolis, MN, pp 563–571; 1997.
St-Pierre NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G. Economic losses from heat stress by U.S. livestock industries. Journal of Dairy Science. 2003;86:E52–E77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5.
Berman AJ. Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science. 2005;83:1377–1384.
Finocchiaro R, van Kaam J, Portolano B, Misztal I. Effect of heat stress on production of dairy sheep. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;88:1855–1864.
Olsson K, Dahlborn K. Fluid balance during heat stress in lactating goats. Quarterly journal of experimental physiology (Cambridge, England). 1989;74(5):645–659. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1989.sp003317.
Lucas EM, Randall JM, Meneses JF. Potential for evaporative cooling during heat stress periods in pig production in Portugal. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 2000;76:363–371. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0550.
Tankson JD, Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Thaxton, JP, May JD, Cameron JA. Stress and nutritional quality of broilers. Poultry science. 2001;80(9):1384–1389. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.9.1384.
Mashaly MM, Hendricks GL 3rd, Kalama MA., Gehad AE, Abbas AO, Patterson PH. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poultry science. 2004;83(6):889–894. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.6.889.
Thornton PK. Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. 2010;365(1554):2853–2867. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134.
Kadokawa H, Sakatani M, Hansen PJ. Perspectives on improvement of reproduction in cattle during heat stress in a future Japan. Animal Science Journal. 2012;83(6):439-445.
Atrian P, Shahryar HA. Heat stress in dairy cows. Research in Zoology. 2012;2(4):31-37.
Sinha R, Ranjan A, Lone S, Rahim A, Devi I, Tiwari S. The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production and Reproduction: Ameliorative Management. International Journal of Livestock Research. 2017;7(6):1- 8. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170417042102.
Seyrek K, Kargin KF, Bildik A. Chronic ethanol induced oxidative alterations in the rat tissues and protective effect of vitamin E. Indian veterinary journal. 2004;81(10):1102-1104.
El-Tarabany, MS, El-Bayoumi KM. Reproductive performance of backcross Holstein x Brown Swiss and their Holstein contemporaries under subtropical environmental conditions. Theriogenology. 2015;83:444-448.
Kimothi SP, Ghosh CP. Strategies for ameliorating heat stress in dairy animals. Dairy Year book. 2005;371-377.
Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 2010;4(7):1167-1183.
Kulkarni AA, Pingle SS, Atakare VG, Deshmukh AB. Effect of climatic factors on milk production in crossbred cows. The Indian Veterinary Journal. 1998;75(9):846–847.
Dutt T, Taneja VK, Singh A, Singh A. Comfort zone for maximal milk production in crossbred cattle. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 1992; 45(3):119–122.
Lonergan S. Climate warming and India. In: Dinar A et al. (Eds.) Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture. World Bank Technical Paper No. 402, Washington DC, pp 33–67;1998.
Mandal DK, Rao AVMS, Singh K, Singh SP. Effects of macroclimatic factors on milk production in a Frieswal herd. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2002a;55(3):166–170.
Mandal DK, Rao AVMS, Singh K, Singh SP. Comfortable macroclimatic conditions for optimum milk production in Sahiwal cows. Journal of Applied Zoological Research. 2002b;13(2/3):228–230.
Tailor SP, Nagda RK. Conception rate in buffaloes maintained under subhumid climate of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;58(1):69–70.
Gerber PJ, Steinfeld H, Henderson B, Mottet A, Opio C, Dijkman J, Falcucci A, Tempio G. Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities. FAO, Rome; 2013.
Rosegrant MW, Fernandez M, Sinha A. Looking into the future for agriculture and AKST. In: McIntyre BD, Herren HR, Wakhungu J, Watson RT (Eds.), International Assessment of Agricultural Knowledge, Science and Technology for Development (IAASTD). Agriculture at a crossroads, Island Press, Washington, DC. 2009;307–376.
Mohammadabadi MR, Nikbakhti M, Mirzaee HR, Shandi A, Saghi DA, Romanov MN, Moiseyeva IG. Genetic variability in three native Iranian chicken populations of the Khorasan province based on microsatellite markers. Russian journal of genetics. 2010a;46(4):505-509.
Ebrahimi Hoseinzadeh Z, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh A, Khezri A, Najmi Noori A. Association of PIT1 gene with milk fat percentage in Holstein cattle. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science (IJAS). 2015;5(3):575-582.
Mohammadabadi MR, Torabi A, Tahmourespoor M, Baghizadeh A, Esmailizadeh A, Mohammadi A. Analysis of bovine growth hormone gene polymorphism of local and Holstein cattle breeds in Kerman province of Iran using polymerase chain reaction restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP). African Journal of Biotechnology. 2010b;9(41):6848-6852.
Koopaei HK, Abadi MRM, Mahyari SA, Tarang AR, Potki P, Esmailizadeh A. Effect of DGAT1 variants on milk composition traits in Iranian Holstein cattle population. Animal Science Papers & Reports. 2012;30(3):231-240.
Hurst P, Termine P, Karl M. Agricultural workers and their contribution to sustainable agriculture and rural development. FAO, Rome; 2005. Available at:ftp://ftp.fao.org/docrep/fao/008/af164e/af164e00.pdf.
Wright IA, Tarawali S, Blümmel M, Gerard B, Teufel N, Herrero M. Integrating crops and livestock in subtropical agricultural systems. Journal of the science of food and agriculture. 2012;92(5):1010–1015. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/jsfa.4556.
Mohammadi A, Nassiry MR, Mosafer J, Mohammadabadi MR. Distribution of BoLA-DRB3 allelic frequencies and identification of a new allele in the Iranian cattle breed Sistani (Bos indicus). Russian Journal of Genetics. 2009;45(2):198-202.
Zamani P, Akhondi M, Mohammadabadi MR, Saki AA, Ershadi A, Banabazi MH, Abdolmohammadi AR. Genetic variation of Mehraban sheep using two intersimple sequence repeat (ISSR) markers. African Journal of Biotechnology. 2011;10(10):1812-1817.
Gooki FG, Mohammadabadi M, Fozi MA, Soflaei M. Association of Biometric Traits with Growth Hormone Gene Diversity in Raini Cashmere Goats. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology (WJST). 2019;16(7):499-508.
Nassiry MR, Shahroodi FE, Mosafer J, Mohammadi A, Manshad E, Ghazanfari S, Mohammad Abadi MR, Sulimova GE. Analysis and frequency of bovine lymphocyte antigen (BoLA-DRB3) alleles in Iranian Holstein cattle. Russian Journal of Genetics. 2005;41(6):664-668.
Gholamhoseini Gooki F, Mohammadabadi MR, Asadi Fozi M. Polymorphism of the growth hormone gene and its effect on production and reproduction traits in goat. Iranian Journal of Applied Animal Science. 2018;8(4):653-659.
Shamsalddini S, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh AK. Polymorphism of the prolactin gene and its effect on fiber traits in goat. Russia Journal of Genetics. 2016;52:405-408.
Vajed Ebrahimi MT, Mohammadabadi MR, Esmailizadeh AK. Using microsatellite markers to analyze genetic diversity in 14 sheep types in Iran. Archives Animal Breeding. 2017;60:183-189.
United Nations Climate Action. Retrieved on 27.10.2021. Available:https://www.un.org/en/climatechange/what-is-climate-change.
IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change). Climate change 2013: The physical science basis. In: Stocker TF, Qin D, Plattner G-K, Tignor M, Allen SK, Boschung J, Nauels A, Xia Y, Bex V, Midgley PM (Eds.), Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA. 2013;1535.
Anwar A, Younis M, Ullah I. Impact of urbanization and economic growth on CO2 emission: A case of far East Asian Countries. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2020;17:2531. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17072531.
Arshad Z, Robaina M, Shahbaz M, Veloso AB. The effects of deforestation and urbanization on sustainable growth in Asian countries. Environmental Science and Pollution Research. 2020;27:10065–10086. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s11356-019-07507-7
Shaharoona B, Al-Ismaily S, Al-Mayahi A, Al-Harrasi N, Al-Kindi R, Al-Sulaimi A, Al-Busaidi H, Al-Abri M. The role of urbanization in soil and groundwater contamination by heavy metals and pathogenic bacteria: A case study from Oman. Heliyon. 2019;5(5):e01771. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01771.
Mao D, Wang Z, Wu J, Wu B, Zeng Y, Song K, Yi K, Luo L. China's wetlands loss to urban expansion. Land Degradation and Development. 2018;29: 2644–2657. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1002/ldr.2939.
Li J, Deng J, Gu Q, Wang K, Ye F, Xu Z, Jin S. The Accelerated Urbanization Process: A Threat to Soil Resources in Eastern China. Sustainability. 2015;7:7137-7155. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/su7067137.
Chapman SC, Chakraborty S, Dreccer MF, Howden SM. Plant adaptation to climate change: opportunities and priorities in breeding. Crop and Pasture Science. 2012;63:251–268.
Henry B, Charmley E, Eckard R, Gaughan JB, Hegarty R. Livestock production in a changing climate: adaptation and mitigation research in Australia. Crop and Pasture Science. 2012;63(3):191–202. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1071/CP11169.
Barrett JE, Virginia RA, Wall DH, Parsons AN, Powers LE, Burkins MB. Variation in biogeochemistry and soil biodiversity across spatial scales in a Polar Desert Ecosystem. Ecology. 2004;85:3105–3118. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1890/03-0213.
Barbehenn RV, Chen Z, Karowe DN, Spickard A. C3 grasses have higher nutritional quality than C4 grasses under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO2. Global Change Biology. 2004;10:1565–1575. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2486.2004.00833.x
Lacetera N. Impact of climate change on animal health and welfare. Animal Frontiers. 2019; 9(1):26-31. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/af/vfy030.
Sirohi S, Michaelowa A. Sufferer and cause: Indian livestock and climate change. Climatic Change. 2007;85:285–298.
Wand SJ, Midgley GF, Jones MH, Curtis PS. Responses of wild C4 and C3 grass (Poaceae) species to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentrations: a meta-analytic test of current theories and perceptions. Global Change Biology. 1999;5:141–723. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2486.1999.00265.x.
Thornton PK, Boone RB, Ramirez-Villegas J. Climate change impacts on livestock. CGIAR Resrach program on Climate Change, Agriculture and Food Security (CCAFS), Working Paper No. 120; 2015.
Hatfield JL, Prueger JH. Agroecology: implications for plant response to climate change. In: Yadav, S.S., Redden, R.J., Hatfield, J.L., Lotze-Campen, H., Hall, A.E. (Eds.), Crop Adaptation to Climate Change. Wiley-Blackwell, Chichester, UK. 2011;27–43.
Thornton PK, Van de Steeg J, Notenbaert A, Herrrero M. The impacts of climate change on livestock and livestock systems in developing countries: A review of what we know and what we need to know. Agricultural Systems. 2009;101:113–127.
IPCC (Intergovermental Panel on Climate Change). Climate Change 2007: Synthesis Report. In: Pachauri, R.K., Reisinger, A. (Eds.), Contribution of Working Groups I, II and III to the Fourth assessment report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. IPCC, Geneva, Switzerland, p. 104; 2007.
Polley HW, Briske DD, Morgan JA, Wolter K, Bailey DW, Brown JR. Climate change and North American rangelands: trends, projections, and implications. Rangeland ecology & management. 2013;66(5):493–511. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2111/REM-D-12-00068.1.
Thornton PK, Herrero M, Freeman A, Mwai O, Rege E, Jones P, McDermott J. Vulnerability, climate change and livestock: Research opportunities and challenges for poverty alleviation. International Livestock Research Institute (ILRI), Kenya; 2008.
Rojas-Downing MM, Nejadhashemi AP, Harrigan T, Woznicki SA. Climate change and livestock: Impacts, adaptation, and mitigation. Climate Risk Management. 2017;16:145–163. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.crm.2017.02.001.
Escarcha JF, Lassa JA, Zander KK. Livestock under climate change: A systematic review of impacts and adaptation. Climate. 2018; 6:54. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/cli6030054.
Baruch Z, Mérida T. Effects of drought and flooding on root anatomy in four tropical forage grasses. International Journal of Plant Sciences. 1995;156:514–521.
Sun F, Pan K, Tariq A, Zhang L, Sun X, Li Z, Wang S, Xiong Q, Song D, Olatunji OA. The response of the soil microbial food web to extreme rainfall under different plant systems. Scientific Reports. 2016;6:37662. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1038/srep37662.
Franco A, Gherardi LA, de Tomasel CM, Andriuzzi WS, Ankrom KE, Shaw EA, Bach EM, Sala OE, Wall DH. Drought suppresses soil predators and promotes root herbivores in mesic, but not in xeric grasslands. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. 2019;116(26):12883–12888. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1900572116.
Skendžić S, Zovko M, Živković IP, Lešić V, Lemić D. The impact of climate change on agricultural insect pests. Insects. 2021;12:440. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/insects12050440.
Nardone A, Ronchi B, Lacetera N, Ranieri MS, Bernabucci U. Effects of climate change on animal production and sustainability of livestock systems. Livestock Science. 2010;130:57–69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.livsci.2010.02.011.
Houérou HNL. Climate change, drought and desertification. Journal of Arid Environments. 1996;34(2):133-185. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1006/jare.1996.0099.
Karl TR, Melillo JM, Peterson TC. Global Climate Change Impacts in the United States. U.S. Global Change Research Programme. Cambridge University Press. 2009.
Ali MZ, Carlile G, Giasuddin M. Impact of global climate change on livestock health: Bangladesh perspective. Open Veterinary Journal. 2020;10(2):178–188. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/ovj.v10i2.7.
Sutherst RW, Yonow T, Chakraborty S, O’Donnell C, White N. A generic approach to defining impacts of climate change on pests, weeds and diseases in Australia. In: Bouma WJ, Pearman GI, Manning MR (Eds). Greenhouse: coping with climate change. CSIRO, Melbourne, pp 281–307; 1996.
Ralph W. A simple model predicts an insect’s distribution. Rural Research. 1987;136:14–16.
Kimaro EG, Chibinga OC. Potential impact of climate change on livestock production andhealth in East Africa: A review. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2013;25(7):1-11. Available:www.lrrd.org/lrrd25/7/kima25116.htm.
Sutherst RW. The potential advance of pest in natural ecosystems under climate change: implications for planning and management. In: Pernetta J, Leemans C, Elder D, Humphrey S (Eds.) Impacts of climate change on ecosystems and species: terrestrial ecosystems. IUCN, Gland, Switzerland, pp 83–98; 1995.
Ramarao D. Seasonal indices and meteorological correlates in the incidence of foot-and-mouth disease in Andhra Pradesh and Maharashtra. Indian Journal of Animal Sciences. 1988;58(4):432–434.
Kumar S, Prasad KD, Deb AR. Seasonal prevalence of different ectoparasites infecting cattle and buffaloes. BAU J Res. 2004;16(1):159–163.
Basu AK, Bandhyopadhyay PK. The effect of season on the incidence of ticks. Bulletin of Animal Health and Production in Africa. 2004;52(1):39–42.
Baylis M, Risley C. Infectious Diseases, Climate Change Effects on. Infectious Diseases: Selected Entries from the Encyclopedia of Sustainability Science and Technology. 2012;117–146. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-5719-0_6.
Kim MK, Pyo KH, Hwang YS, Park KH, Hwang IG, Chai JY, Shin EH. Effect of temperature on embryonation of Ascaris suum eggs in an environmental chamber. The Korean Journal of Parasitology. 2012;50:239.
Fox NJ, Marion G, Davidson RS, White PC, Hutchings MR. Climate-driven tipping points could lead to sudden, high-intensity parasite outbreaks. Royal Society Open Science. 2015;2:140296.
Fox NJ, Marion G, Davidson RS, White PC, Hutchings MR. Livestock helminths in a changing climate: approaches and restrictions to meaningful predictions. Animals. 2012;2:93–107.
Coppock RW, Christian RG, Jacobsen BJ. Aflatoxins. In R.C. Gupta (Ed.) Veterinary toxicology, 3rd ed. Chapter 69—basic and clinical principles. Cambridge, MA: Academic Press, pp: 983–994;2018.
Nwangburuka CC, Denton L, Chioma GO, Oyekale KO, Tayo GO, Ajayi B, Olarinmoye AO, Ezekiel C, Taiwo EA, Babalola OO. Effect of levels of equisetin and fumonisinmycotoxins on blood parameters of broiler chicks. Mycopath. 2019;15:55–59.
Bernabucci U, Colavecchia L, Danieli PP, Basiricò L, Lacetera N, Nardone A, Ronchi B. Aflatoxin B1 and fumonisin B1 affect the oxidative status of bovine peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Toxicology in Vitro. 2011;25:684–691. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tiv.2011.01.009.
Biswal D. Impact of climate change on parasitic diseases: Do we need to bother? In: Bose M, Bandyopadyay SA, Poddar S (Eds.), Contemporary Health Issues and Environmental Impact. Malaysia: Lincoln University College; pp. 32-40; 2018. DOI:https://doi.org/10.31674/books.2018.chiei.ch05.
Gagnon AS, Smoyer-Tomic KE, Bush ABG. The El Nino Southern Oscillation and malaria epidemics in South America. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2002;46:81-89.
Anyamba A, Linthicum KJ, Mahoney R, Tucker CJ, Kelley PW. Mapping potential risk of Rift Valley fever outbreaks in African savannas using vegetation index time series data. Photogrammetric Engineering and Remote Sensing. 2002;68:137-145.
Wittmann EJ, Mellor PS, Baylis M. Using climate data to map the potential distribution of Culicoides imicola (Diptera: Ceratopogonidae) in Europe. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 2001;20(3):731–740. DOI:https://doi.org/10.20506/rst.20.3.1306.
De A, Das TK, Chand K, Debnath BC, Dey S, Hemadri D, Barman NN, Chaudhary JK, Muthuchelvan D, Saxena A, Tewari N. Seroprevalence of bluetongue and presence of viral antigen and type-specific neutralizing antibodies in goats in Tripura, a state at Indo-Bangladesh border of Northeastern India. Tropical Animal Health and Production. 2019;51:261–265.
Caminade C, McIntyre KM, Jones AE. Impact of recent and future climate change on vector-borne diseases. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. 2019;137:119–129.
Wittmann EJ, Baylis M. Climate change: effects on Culicoides-transmitted viruses and implications for the UK. The Veterinary Journal. 2000;160(2):107-117. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1053/tvjl.2000.0470.
Lines J. The effects of climatic and land-use changes on insect vectors of human disease. In: Harrington R, Stork NE. (Eds.) Insects in a Changing Environment. Academic Press: London, pp- 157-175;1995.
Randolph SE. Dynamics of tick-borne disease systems: minor role of recent climate change. Revue scientifique et technique (International Office of Epizootics). 2008; 27(2):367–381.
FAO (Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations). Farm structures in tropical climates: Animal environmental requirements; 1986. Available:http://www.fao.org/docrep/s1250e/s1250e10.htm.
Hahn GL. Dynamic responses of cattle to thermal heat loads. Journal of Animal Science. 1999;77(2):10–20.
Mader TL, Davis MS. Effect of management strategies on reducing heat stress of feedlot cattle: feed and water intake. Journal of animal science. 2004;82(10):3077–3087. DOI:https://doi.org/10.2527/2004.82103077x.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Body condition score, metabolic status and milk production of early lactating dairy cows exposed to warm environment. Rivista di Agricoltura Subtropicale e Tropicale (Italia). 1996;90(1):43–55.
Basiricò L, Bernabucci U, Morera P, Lacetera N, Nardone A. Gene expression and protein secretion of apolipoprotein B100 (ApoB100) in transition dairy cows under hot or thermoneutral environments. Proc. XVIII Congr. Naz. Ass. Sci. Prod. Anim. 2009;8:592–594.
Das R, Sailo L, Verma N, Bharti P, Saikia J, Imtiwati, Kumar R. Impact of heat stress on health and performance of dairy animals: A review. Veterinary world. 2016;9(3):260–268. DOI:https://doi.org/10.14202/vetworld.2016.260-268.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Physiological and productive consequences of heat stress: The case of dairy ruminants. Proceedings of the Symposium on Interaction between Climate and Animal Production: EAAP Technical Serie. 2003;7:45–60.
Shearer JK. Foot health from a veterinarian’s perspective. Proc. Feed Nutr. Manag. Cow Coll. Virg. Tech. 1999;33–43.
Cook NB, Nordlund KV. The influence of the environment on dairy cow behavior, claw health and herd lameness dynamics. The Veterinary Journal. 2009;179:360–369. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.09.016.
King JM, Parsons DJ, Turnpenny JR, Nyangaga J, Bakari P, Wathes CM. Modelling energy metabolism of Friesians in Kenya smallholdings shows how heat stress and energy deficit constrain milk yield and cow replacement rate. Animal Science. 2006;82:705–716. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1079/ASC200689.
Kunavongkrita A, Suriyasomboonb A, Lundeheimc N, Learda TW, Einarsson S. Management and sperm production of boars under differing environmental conditions. Theriogenology. 2005;63:657–667.
Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Fertility in South Australian commercial Merino flocks: relationships between reproductive traits and environmental cues. Theriogenology. 2005;63(9): 2416-2433. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.theriogenology.2004.09.052.
van Wettere WHEJ, Kind KL, Gatford KL, Swinbourne AM, Leu ST, Hayman PT, Kelly JM, Weaver AC, Kleemann DO, Walker SK. Review of the impact of heat stress on reproductive performance of sheep. Journal of animal science and biotechnology. 2021;15;12(1):26. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1186/s40104-020-00537-z.
Ozawa M, Tabayashi D, Latief TA, Shimizu T, Oshima I, Kanai Y. Alterations in follicular dynamics and steroidogenic abilities induced by heat stress during follicular recruitment in goats. Reproduction. 2005;129:621-630. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1530/rep.1.00456.
Hansen PJ. Effects of heat stress on mammalian reproduction. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 2009;364(1534):3341–3350. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2009.0131.
Sejian V, Silpa MV, Nair MRR, Devaraj C, Krishnan G, Bagath M, Chauhan SS, Suganthi RU, Fonseca VFC, König S, Gaughan JB, Dunshea FR, Bhatta R. Heat Stress and Goat Welfare: Adaptation and Production Considerations. Animals. 2021;11:1021. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani11041021.
Wolfenson D, Roth Z, Meidan R. Impaired reproduction in heat-stressed cattle: basic and applied aspects. Animal Reproduction Science. 2000;60-61:535–547. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0378-4320(00)00102-0.
Stewart BM, Block J, Morelli P, Navarette AE, Amstalden M, Bonilla L, Hansen PJ, Bilby TR. Efficacy of embryo transfer in lactating dairy cows during summer using fresh or vitrified embryos produced in vitro with sex-sorted semen. Journal of Dairy Science. 2011;94(7):3437–3445. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2010-4008
de Vrijer B, Davidsen ML, Wilkening RB, Anthony RV, Regnault TR. Altered placental and fetal expression of IGFs and IGF-binding proteins associated with intrauterine growth restriction in fetal sheep during early and mid-pregnancy. Pediatric research. 2006;60(5):507-512. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1203/01.PDR.0000242364.78002.71.
Elnagar SA, Scheideler SE, Beck MM. Reproductive hormones, hepatic deiodinase messenger ribonucleic acid, and vasoactive intestinal polypeptide-immunoreactive cells in hypothalamus in the heat stress-induced or chemically induced hypothyroid laying hen. Poultry science. 2010;89:2001– 2009.
Lara LJ, Rostagno MH. Impact of Heat Stress on Poultry Production. Animals (Basel). 2013;3(2):356-69. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3390/ani3020356.
Arman C, Quintana Casares PI, Sanchez-Partida LG, Setchell BP. Ram sperm motility after intermittent scrotal insulation evaluated by manual and computer-assisted methods. Asian Journal of Andrology. 2006;8:411-418. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-7262.2006.00145.x.
Kastelic JP, Wilde RE, Rizzoto G, Thundathil JC. Hyperthermia and not hypoxia may reduce sperm motility and morphology following testicular hyperthermia. Veterinární Medicína. 2017;62:437-442. DOI:https://doi.org/10.17221/124/2016-VETMED.
Auvigne V, Leneveu P, Jehannin C, Peltoniemi O, Sallé E. Seasonal infertility in sows: a five year field study to analyze the relative roles of heat stress and photoperiod. Theriogenology. 2010;74:60–66.
Star L, Decuypere E, Parmentier HK, Kemp B. Effect of single or combined climatic and hygienic stress in four layer lines: 2. Endocrine and oxidative stress responses. Poultry Science. 2008;87:1031–1038.
Quinteiro-Filho WM, Ribeiro A, Ferraz-de-Paula V, Pinheiro ML, Sakai M, As LR, Ferreira AJ, Palermo-Neto J. Heat stress impairs performance parameters, induces intestinal injury, and decreases macrophage activity in broiler chickens. Poultry Science. 2010;89:1905–1914.
Nardone A, Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Ronchi B. Composition of colostrum from dairy heifers exposed to high air temperatures during late pregnancy and the early postpartum period. Journal of dairy science. 1997;80(5):838–844. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(97)76005-3.
Regnier JA, Kelley KW. Heat- and cold-stress suppresses in vivo and in vitro cellular immune responses of chickens. American Journal of Veterinary Research. 1981;42(2):294–299.
Lecchi C, Rota N, Vitali A, Ceciliani F, Lacetera N. In vitro assessment of the effects of temperature on phagocytosis, reactive oxygen species production and apoptosis in bovine polymorphonuclear cells. Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology. 2016;182:89–94. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vetimm.2016.10.007.
Lacetera N, Bernabucci U, Scalia D, Ronchi B, Kuzminsky G, Nardone A. Lymphocyte functions in dairy cows in hot environment. International Journal of Biometeorology. 2005;50:105–110. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1007/s00484-005-0273-3.
Indu S, Pareek A. A Review: Growth and physiological adaptability of sheep to heat stress under semi–arid environment. International Journal of Emerging Trends in Science and Technology. 2015;2(9):3188-3198. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.18535/ijetst/v2i9.09.
Bagath M, Sejian V. Heat stress and Immune Function in Livestock. Multidisciplinary Advances in Veterinary Science. 2018;2(4):395-398.
Hirakawa R, Nurjanah S, Furukawa K, Murai A, Kikusato M, Nochi T, Toyomizu M. Heat stress causes immune abnormalities via massive damage to effect proliferation and differentiation of lymphocytes in broiler chickens. Frontiers in Veterinary Science. 2020;7:46. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3389/fvets.2020.00046.
Felver-Gant JN, Mack LA, Dennis RL, Eicher SD, Cheng HW. Genetic variations alter physiological responses following heat stress in 2 strains of laying hens. Poultry Science. 2012;91:1542–1551.
Bartlett JR, Smith MO. Effects of different levels of zinc on the performance and immunocompetence of broilers under heat stress. Poultry Science. 2003;82:1580–1588.
Bagath M, Krishnan G, Devaraj C, Rashamol VP, Pragna P, Lees AM, Sejian V. The impact of heat stress on the immune system in dairy cattle: A review. Research in veterinary science. 2019;126:94–102. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rvsc.2019.08.011.
Deng W, Dong XF, Tong JM, Zhang Q. The probiotic Bacillus licheniformis ameliorates heat stress-induced impairment of egg production, gut morphology, and intestinal mucosal immunity in laying hens. Poultry Science. 2012;91:575–582.
Howden SM, Crimp SJ, Stokes CJ. Climate change and Australian livestock systems: impacts, research and policy issues. Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture. 2008;48:780–788.
Purusothaman MR, Thiruvenkadan AK, Karunanithi K. Seasonal variation in body weight and mortality rate in Mecheri adult sheep. Livestock Research for Rural Development. 2008;20(9):150. Available:http://www.lrrd.org/lrrd20/9/thir20150.htm.
Vitali A, Felici A, Esposito S, Bernabucci U, Bertocchi L, Maresca C, Nardone A, Lacetera N. The impact of heat waves on dairy cow mortality. Journal of Dairy Science. 2015;98:4572–4579. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.2015-9331.
Hahn GL, Mader TL. Heat waves in relation to thermoregulation, feeding behavior, and mortality of feedlot cattle. In: Proceedings 5th International Livestock Environment Symposium, Minneapolis, MN, pp 563–571; 1997.
St-Pierre NR, Cobanov B, Schnitkey G. Economic losses from heat stress by U.S. livestock industries. Journal of Dairy Science. 2003;86:E52–E77. DOI:https://doi.org/10.3168/jds.S0022-0302(03)74040-5.
Berman AJ. Estimates of heat stress relief needs for Holstein dairy cows. Journal of Animal Science. 2005;83:1377–1384.
Finocchiaro R, van Kaam J, Portolano B, Misztal I. Effect of heat stress on production of dairy sheep. Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;88:1855–1864.
Olsson K, Dahlborn K. Fluid balance during heat stress in lactating goats. Quarterly journal of experimental physiology (Cambridge, England). 1989;74(5):645–659. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1113/expphysiol.1989.sp003317.
Lucas EM, Randall JM, Meneses JF. Potential for evaporative cooling during heat stress periods in pig production in Portugal. Journal of Agricultural Engineering Research. 2000;76:363–371. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1006/jaer.2000.0550.
Tankson JD, Vizzier-Thaxton Y, Thaxton, JP, May JD, Cameron JA. Stress and nutritional quality of broilers. Poultry science. 2001;80(9):1384–1389. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/80.9.1384.
Mashaly MM, Hendricks GL 3rd, Kalama MA., Gehad AE, Abbas AO, Patterson PH. Effect of heat stress on production parameters and immune responses of commercial laying hens. Poultry science. 2004;83(6):889–894. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1093/ps/83.6.889.
Thornton PK. Livestock production: recent trends, future prospects. Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological sciences. 2010;365(1554):2853–2867. DOI:https://doi.org/10.1098/rstb.2010.0134.
Kadokawa H, Sakatani M, Hansen PJ. Perspectives on improvement of reproduction in cattle during heat stress in a future Japan. Animal Science Journal. 2012;83(6):439-445.
Atrian P, Shahryar HA. Heat stress in dairy cows. Research in Zoology. 2012;2(4):31-37.
Sinha R, Ranjan A, Lone S, Rahim A, Devi I, Tiwari S. The Impact of Climate Change on Livestock Production and Reproduction: Ameliorative Management. International Journal of Livestock Research. 2017;7(6):1- 8. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.5455/ijlr.20170417042102.
Seyrek K, Kargin KF, Bildik A. Chronic ethanol induced oxidative alterations in the rat tissues and protective effect of vitamin E. Indian veterinary journal. 2004;81(10):1102-1104.
El-Tarabany, MS, El-Bayoumi KM. Reproductive performance of backcross Holstein x Brown Swiss and their Holstein contemporaries under subtropical environmental conditions. Theriogenology. 2015;83:444-448.
Kimothi SP, Ghosh CP. Strategies for ameliorating heat stress in dairy animals. Dairy Year book. 2005;371-377.
Bernabucci U, Lacetera N, Baumgard LH, Rhoads RP, Ronchi B, Nardone A. Metabolic and hormonal acclimation to heat stress in domesticated ruminants. Journal of Animal Science. 2010;4(7):1167-1183.
Kulkarni AA, Pingle SS, Atakare VG, Deshmukh AB. Effect of climatic factors on milk production in crossbred cows. The Indian Veterinary Journal. 1998;75(9):846–847.
Dutt T, Taneja VK, Singh A, Singh A. Comfort zone for maximal milk production in crossbred cattle. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 1992; 45(3):119–122.
Lonergan S. Climate warming and India. In: Dinar A et al. (Eds.) Measuring the Impact of Climate Change on Indian Agriculture. World Bank Technical Paper No. 402, Washington DC, pp 33–67;1998.
Mandal DK, Rao AVMS, Singh K, Singh SP. Effects of macroclimatic factors on milk production in a Frieswal herd. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2002a;55(3):166–170.
Mandal DK, Rao AVMS, Singh K, Singh SP. Comfortable macroclimatic conditions for optimum milk production in Sahiwal cows. Journal of Applied Zoological Research. 2002b;13(2/3):228–230.
Tailor SP, Nagda RK. Conception rate in buffaloes maintained under subhumid climate of Rajasthan. Indian Journal of Dairy Science. 2005;58(1):69–70.
Gerber PJ, Steinfeld H, Henderson B, Mottet A, Opio C, Dijkman J, Falcucci A, Tempio G. Tackling Climate Change Through Livestock: A Global Assessment of Emissions and Mitigation Opportunities. FAO, Rome; 2013.
-
Abstract View: 532 times
PDF Download: 22 times