LARVAL GROWTH AND COCOON TRAITS IN BOMBYX MORI L (PM×CSR2) (LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCIDAE) RAISED ON MULBERRY LEAVES FORTIFIED WITH ALPINEA GALANGA (L) RHIZOME EXTRACT
UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY,
Page 211-221
Abstract
The mulberry silkworm B. mori feeds exclusively on mulberry leaves and the leaf quality is as a sole factor governing the production of good cocoon crop. Improvement in the nutritional quality of mulberry leaves can enhance the efficiency of cocoon and seed production in silkworm. They act as growth promoting factors, indirectly helps in reducing further spread of diseases. Therefore the present work is selected to analyse the efficacy of aqueous extract of medicinally important plant Alpinia galanga on larval growth and cocoon traits. Larval duration, Larval weight (g), Cocoon, pupal and shell weight (g), Cocoon Shell Ratio (CSR) (%) were measured. From the present investigation it was understood that its application is an inexpensive source of fortificant for silkworm rearing. In this study plasmatocytes was increased during the concentration increased. The increased number of granulocytes and plasmatocytes can be related with the defense mechanism in B. mori, as both the haemocytes functions as phagocytes.
Keywords:
- Alpineagalanga
- cocoon shell ratio
- growth efficiency
- haemocyte count
How to Cite
JESPA, J. P., & RENUGA, F. B. (2021). LARVAL GROWTH AND COCOON TRAITS IN BOMBYX MORI L (PM×CSR2) (LEPIDOPTERA: BOMBYCIDAE) RAISED ON MULBERRY LEAVES FORTIFIED WITH ALPINEA GALANGA (L) RHIZOME EXTRACT. UTTAR PRADESH JOURNAL OF ZOOLOGY, 42(24), 211-221. Retrieved from https://mbimph.com/index.php/UPJOZ/article/view/2681
References
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Chakrabarty S, Kaliwal BB. Supplementation with Potassium Carbonate, Magnesium carbonate and their synergetic effects on the economic traits of the silkworm, Bombyxmori L. World J. Science and Technology. 2011;1:10-23.
Maribashetty VG, Gayathri MV, Chandrakala MV, Gururaj CS, Shivakumar C. ‘Utilization of botanicals for improvement in economic traits and control of pests and diseases in silkworm, Bombyxmori, Indian Journal of serIculture 2010;49(1):1-11.
Merlin Rose C, Catherine L. Preliminary phytochemical screening and Antibacterial Activity on Vitexnegundo. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research; 2011.
Bulbuli Khanikor, Dipsikha Bora. Effect of Plant Based Essential Oil on Immune Response of Silkworm, Antheraeaassama Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 2012;25(2):139-146.
Rini CS, Rohmah J, Widyaningrum. Te antibacterial activity test Galanga on the growth of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and E. coli Materials science and Engineering. 2018;420:012142.
Srividya AR, Dhanabal SP, Misra VK, Suja G. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Alpiniaofficinarum Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(1):145–148.
Beula Rani KR, Sundar SK, Murugan M. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical study of medicinal plant Alpinea galanga Asian J. of Pharma. Clinical Res. 2016;9:3.
Brindha P, Sasikala Purushoth. Preliminary Phytochemical studies of higher plants. Ethnobot. 1977;3: 84-96.
Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods, London Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1973;49-188.
Sonwalker TN. Hand book of Silk Technology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi; 1993.
Takeda H, Kawakuchi Y, Ohsika T, Maekawa H, Tsuchida K. Impaired yolk protein uptake by oocytas of a Bombyxmori mutant, Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1996;26:607-616.
Jones JC. Current concepts concerning insect haemocytes American Zoology. 1962;2:209-246.
Nittono Y. Studies on the blood cells in the silkworm, Bombyxmori L. Bull. Seric. Expt. Stn. 1960;16:261-266.
Sonnenbichler J, Sonnnenbichler I, Sealkera F. ACS SympSer (Phytomedicines of Europe). 1998;691:263. K. Tawaha FQ. Alali M. Gharaibeh, M. Mohammad El-Elimat,.T. Food Chem. 2007;104:1372.
Murugan K, Jeyabalan D, Senthikumar N, Senthilnathan S, Sivaprakasam N. Growth Promoting effect of plant products on silkworm: A Biotechnological Approach. Jour. of Sci. and Ind. Res. 1998;57:740-745.
Kanafi RR, Ebadi R, Mirhosseini SZ, Seidavi AR, Zolfaghari M, Eteban K. A review on nutritive effect of mulberry leaves enrichment with vitamins on economic traits and biological parameters of silkworm, BombyxmoriL. Indian Sericulture Journal. 2007;4:86-91.
Pardeshi AB, Bajad PN. Effect of Xanthium indicumLinn.plant extract on the economic parameters of silkworm, BombyxmoriL. Int. Jour. of Rec. Sci. Res. 2014b;5(3): 683-686.
Hassan HA, Bakr RFA, Abd El-Bar MM, Nawar GA, Elbanna HM. Changes of cotton leaf worm haemocytes and esterases after exposure to compounds derived from urea and rice straw. Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. 2013;5:35–48.
Balavenkatasubbaiah M, Nataraju B, Thiagrajan V, Datta RK. Haemocytes counts in different breeds of silkworm Bombyxmori L. and their changes during progressive infection of Bm NPV. Indian J. Seric. 2001;40:158-162.
Ling E, Yu XQ. Hemocytes from the tobacco hornworm Manducasexta have distinct functions in phagocytosis of foreign particles and self dead cells, Develop. Comp. Immunol. 2006;30:301- 309.
Kerenhap W, Thaigarajan V, Kumar V. Biochemical and bioassay studies on the influence of different organic manures on the growth of mulberry variety V, and silkworm, Bombyxmori Linn. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 2007;5(1):51-56.
Nakahara Y, Shimura S, Ueno C, Kanamari V, Mita K, Kiuchi M, Kamimura M. Purification and characterization of silkworm haemocytes by flow cytometry. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2009;33:439-448.
Ling Erjun, Koji Shirai, Rensuke Kanekatsu, Kenji Kiguchi. Hemocyte differentiation in the hematopoietic organs of the silkworm, Bombyxmori: Prohemocytes have the function of phagocytosis Cell Tissue Res. 2005;320(3):535-43.
Chavan JA, Bhawane GP. Study of Haemocyte Count In Silkworm Bombyx mori on 5th Day Of 5th Instar larvae inoculated with of bmnpnv infection and subsequent oral treatment of ehtanolic plant extracts in pm and CSR2 Races, International Journal Of Researches In Biosciences, Agriculture And Technology. 2017;V(3),
Al-Attar AM. Haematological, biochemical and histipathological studies on marsh frog, Ranaridibunda, naturally infected with Waltonelladuboisi. Int. J. Zool. Res. 2010;6:199-213.
Anand Kumar MD, Michael AS. Haematology and haemochemistry of silkworm, Bombyxmori L. infected with Bacillus thuriengensis. Int. J. of Env. Sec. 2011;2(2):451-457.
Archana P Raina, Abraham Z. Essential oil profiling of Alpinia species from southern India, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2017 ;V55:776- 781.
Archana Das, Kumaran Sivanandan Santhy. Chemical caharacterisationn of Alpineagalanga (L) Willd by GC-MS, XRD, FTIR and UV-VISN spectroscopic methods International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;7(9).
Raina PA, Verma SK. Abraham, Z volatile constituents of essential oil isolated from Alpinea galangal wild(*L) and A. officinarum rhizomes from North East India. J. Essential Oil Res. 2014;26:24.
Nampoothiri SV, Menon AN, Esakkidurai T, Pitchumani K. Essential oil composition of Alpineacalcarata and Alpinea galangal rhizomes A comparative study. J. Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2016;19:82.
Samir Felhi, Amal Daoud, Hafedh Hajlaoui, Kais Mnafgui, Néji Gharsallah, Adel Kadri. Solvent extraction effects on phytochemical constituents profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and functional group analysis of Ecballium elaterium seeds and peels fruits Food Science and Technology, Campinas. 2017;37(3):483-492.
Yu CL, Hsu GC, Yen J. Agric. Food Chem. CrossRef CAS PubMed Dorman HJD, Deans SG 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol. 2009;88:308-316.
Luo X, Lv X, Wang, Kong L. Phytochem. Lett. 2012;5:134.
Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Ayumi Uehara, Tsukasa Iwashina. 0 Flavonoids Profile, Taxonomic Data, History of Cosmetic Uses, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Potential of Alpiniagalanga (L.) Willd Cosmetics. 2020;7:89.
Dorman, HJD & Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2000;88(2):308-16
Pichette A, Larouche PL, Lebrun M, Legault J. Composition and antibacterial activity of Abiesbalsamea essential oil. Phytother Res. 2006;20:371-373.
Anirban Chouni, Santanu Paul. A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Alpinia galangal, Pharmacogn J. 2018;10(1):9-15.
Bouchereau A, Guénot P, Larher FJ. Analysis of amines in plant materials. Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000;747(1-2):49-67.
Sukhirun N, Pluempanupat W, Bullangpoti V, Koul O. Bioefficacy of Alpiniagalanga (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome Extracts, (E)-p-Acetoxycinnamyl Alcohol, and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol Ethyl Ether Against Bactroceradorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Impact on Detoxification Enzyme Activities, Journal of Economic Entomology. 2011;104 (5):1534–1540.
Horie Y, Inokuchi T, Watanabe K. Quantitative studies of food utilization by the silkworm Bombyxmori L. through the life cycle II. Economy of nitrogen and amino acids. Bulletin Sericultural Experimental Station, Japan. 1978;27(2),3(2):531-578.
Chakrabarty S, Kaliwal BB. Supplementation with Potassium Carbonate, Magnesium carbonate and their synergetic effects on the economic traits of the silkworm, Bombyxmori L. World J. Science and Technology. 2011;1:10-23.
Maribashetty VG, Gayathri MV, Chandrakala MV, Gururaj CS, Shivakumar C. ‘Utilization of botanicals for improvement in economic traits and control of pests and diseases in silkworm, Bombyxmori, Indian Journal of serIculture 2010;49(1):1-11.
Merlin Rose C, Catherine L. Preliminary phytochemical screening and Antibacterial Activity on Vitexnegundo. International Journal of Current Pharmaceutical Research; 2011.
Bulbuli Khanikor, Dipsikha Bora. Effect of Plant Based Essential Oil on Immune Response of Silkworm, Antheraeaassama Westwood (Lepidoptera: Saturniidae) Int. J. Indust. Entomol. 2012;25(2):139-146.
Rini CS, Rohmah J, Widyaningrum. Te antibacterial activity test Galanga on the growth of bacteria Bacillus subtilis and E. coli Materials science and Engineering. 2018;420:012142.
Srividya AR, Dhanabal SP, Misra VK, Suja G. Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activity of Alpiniaofficinarum Indian J Pharm Sci. 2010;72(1):145–148.
Beula Rani KR, Sundar SK, Murugan M. Antimicrobial activity and phytochemical study of medicinal plant Alpinea galanga Asian J. of Pharma. Clinical Res. 2016;9:3.
Brindha P, Sasikala Purushoth. Preliminary Phytochemical studies of higher plants. Ethnobot. 1977;3: 84-96.
Harbone JB. Phytochemical Methods, London Chapman and Hall Ltd. 1973;49-188.
Sonwalker TN. Hand book of Silk Technology, Wiley Eastern Limited, New Delhi; 1993.
Takeda H, Kawakuchi Y, Ohsika T, Maekawa H, Tsuchida K. Impaired yolk protein uptake by oocytas of a Bombyxmori mutant, Insect Biochemistry and Molecular Biology. 1996;26:607-616.
Jones JC. Current concepts concerning insect haemocytes American Zoology. 1962;2:209-246.
Nittono Y. Studies on the blood cells in the silkworm, Bombyxmori L. Bull. Seric. Expt. Stn. 1960;16:261-266.
Sonnenbichler J, Sonnnenbichler I, Sealkera F. ACS SympSer (Phytomedicines of Europe). 1998;691:263. K. Tawaha FQ. Alali M. Gharaibeh, M. Mohammad El-Elimat,.T. Food Chem. 2007;104:1372.
Murugan K, Jeyabalan D, Senthikumar N, Senthilnathan S, Sivaprakasam N. Growth Promoting effect of plant products on silkworm: A Biotechnological Approach. Jour. of Sci. and Ind. Res. 1998;57:740-745.
Kanafi RR, Ebadi R, Mirhosseini SZ, Seidavi AR, Zolfaghari M, Eteban K. A review on nutritive effect of mulberry leaves enrichment with vitamins on economic traits and biological parameters of silkworm, BombyxmoriL. Indian Sericulture Journal. 2007;4:86-91.
Pardeshi AB, Bajad PN. Effect of Xanthium indicumLinn.plant extract on the economic parameters of silkworm, BombyxmoriL. Int. Jour. of Rec. Sci. Res. 2014b;5(3): 683-686.
Hassan HA, Bakr RFA, Abd El-Bar MM, Nawar GA, Elbanna HM. Changes of cotton leaf worm haemocytes and esterases after exposure to compounds derived from urea and rice straw. Egypt. Acad. J. Biolog. 2013;5:35–48.
Balavenkatasubbaiah M, Nataraju B, Thiagrajan V, Datta RK. Haemocytes counts in different breeds of silkworm Bombyxmori L. and their changes during progressive infection of Bm NPV. Indian J. Seric. 2001;40:158-162.
Ling E, Yu XQ. Hemocytes from the tobacco hornworm Manducasexta have distinct functions in phagocytosis of foreign particles and self dead cells, Develop. Comp. Immunol. 2006;30:301- 309.
Kerenhap W, Thaigarajan V, Kumar V. Biochemical and bioassay studies on the influence of different organic manures on the growth of mulberry variety V, and silkworm, Bombyxmori Linn. Caspian J. Environ. Sci. 2007;5(1):51-56.
Nakahara Y, Shimura S, Ueno C, Kanamari V, Mita K, Kiuchi M, Kamimura M. Purification and characterization of silkworm haemocytes by flow cytometry. Dev. Comp. Immunol. 2009;33:439-448.
Ling Erjun, Koji Shirai, Rensuke Kanekatsu, Kenji Kiguchi. Hemocyte differentiation in the hematopoietic organs of the silkworm, Bombyxmori: Prohemocytes have the function of phagocytosis Cell Tissue Res. 2005;320(3):535-43.
Chavan JA, Bhawane GP. Study of Haemocyte Count In Silkworm Bombyx mori on 5th Day Of 5th Instar larvae inoculated with of bmnpnv infection and subsequent oral treatment of ehtanolic plant extracts in pm and CSR2 Races, International Journal Of Researches In Biosciences, Agriculture And Technology. 2017;V(3),
Al-Attar AM. Haematological, biochemical and histipathological studies on marsh frog, Ranaridibunda, naturally infected with Waltonelladuboisi. Int. J. Zool. Res. 2010;6:199-213.
Anand Kumar MD, Michael AS. Haematology and haemochemistry of silkworm, Bombyxmori L. infected with Bacillus thuriengensis. Int. J. of Env. Sec. 2011;2(2):451-457.
Archana P Raina, Abraham Z. Essential oil profiling of Alpinia species from southern India, Indian Journal of Experimental Biology. 2017 ;V55:776- 781.
Archana Das, Kumaran Sivanandan Santhy. Chemical caharacterisationn of Alpineagalanga (L) Willd by GC-MS, XRD, FTIR and UV-VISN spectroscopic methods International Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences. 2015;7(9).
Raina PA, Verma SK. Abraham, Z volatile constituents of essential oil isolated from Alpinea galangal wild(*L) and A. officinarum rhizomes from North East India. J. Essential Oil Res. 2014;26:24.
Nampoothiri SV, Menon AN, Esakkidurai T, Pitchumani K. Essential oil composition of Alpineacalcarata and Alpinea galangal rhizomes A comparative study. J. Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 2016;19:82.
Samir Felhi, Amal Daoud, Hafedh Hajlaoui, Kais Mnafgui, Néji Gharsallah, Adel Kadri. Solvent extraction effects on phytochemical constituents profiles, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and functional group analysis of Ecballium elaterium seeds and peels fruits Food Science and Technology, Campinas. 2017;37(3):483-492.
Yu CL, Hsu GC, Yen J. Agric. Food Chem. CrossRef CAS PubMed Dorman HJD, Deans SG 2000. Antimicrobial agents from plants: antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils. J Appl Microbiol. 2009;88:308-316.
Luo X, Lv X, Wang, Kong L. Phytochem. Lett. 2012;5:134.
Duangjai Tungmunnithum, Nobuyuki Tanaka, Ayumi Uehara, Tsukasa Iwashina. 0 Flavonoids Profile, Taxonomic Data, History of Cosmetic Uses, Anti-Oxidant and Anti-Aging Potential of Alpiniagalanga (L.) Willd Cosmetics. 2020;7:89.
Dorman, HJD & Deans SG. Antimicrobial agents from plants: Antibacterial activity of plant volatile oils Journal of Applied Microbiology. 2000;88(2):308-16
Pichette A, Larouche PL, Lebrun M, Legault J. Composition and antibacterial activity of Abiesbalsamea essential oil. Phytother Res. 2006;20:371-373.
Anirban Chouni, Santanu Paul. A Review on Phytochemical and Pharmacological Potential of Alpinia galangal, Pharmacogn J. 2018;10(1):9-15.
Bouchereau A, Guénot P, Larher FJ. Analysis of amines in plant materials. Chromatogr B Biomed Sci Appl. 2000;747(1-2):49-67.
Sukhirun N, Pluempanupat W, Bullangpoti V, Koul O. Bioefficacy of Alpiniagalanga (Zingiberaceae) Rhizome Extracts, (E)-p-Acetoxycinnamyl Alcohol, and (E)-p-Coumaryl Alcohol Ethyl Ether Against Bactroceradorsalis (Diptera: Tephritidae) and the Impact on Detoxification Enzyme Activities, Journal of Economic Entomology. 2011;104 (5):1534–1540.
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